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/**
 * REST API functions.
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage REST_API
 * @since 4.4.0
 */

/**
 * Version number for our API.
 *
 * @var string
 */
define( &#039;REST_API_VERSION&#039;, &#039;2.0&#039; );

/**
 * Registers a REST API route.
 *
 * Note: Do not use before the {@see &#039;rest_api_init&#039;} hook.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 * @since 5.1.0 Added a `_doing_it_wrong()` notice when not called on or after the `rest_api_init` hook.
 * @since 5.5.0 Added a `_doing_it_wrong()` notice when the required `permission_callback` argument is not set.
 *
 * @param string $route_namespace The first URL segment after core prefix. Should be unique to your package/plugin.
 * @param string $route           The base URL for route you are adding.
 * @param array  $args            Optional. Either an array of options for the endpoint, or an array of arrays for
 *                                multiple methods. Default empty array.
 * @param bool   $override        Optional. If the route already exists, should we override it? True overrides,
 *                                false merges (with newer overriding if duplicate keys exist). Default false.
 * @return bool True on success, false on error.
 */
function register_rest_route( $route_namespace, $route, $args = array(), $override = false ) {
	if ( empty( $route_namespace ) ) {
		/*
		 * Non-namespaced routes are not allowed, with the exception of the main
		 * and namespace indexes. If you really need to register a
		 * non-namespaced route, call `WP_REST_Server::register_route` directly.
		 */
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: string value of the namespace, 2: string value of the route. */
				__( &#039;Routes must be namespaced with plugin or theme name and version. Instead there seems to be an empty namespace \&#039;%1$s\&#039; for route \&#039;%2$s\&#039;.&#039; ),
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . $route_namespace . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . $route . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
			),
			&#039;4.4.0&#039;
		);
		return false;
	} elseif ( empty( $route ) ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: string value of the namespace, 2: string value of the route. */
				__( &#039;Route must be specified. Instead within the namespace \&#039;%1$s\&#039;, there seems to be an empty route \&#039;%2$s\&#039;.&#039; ),
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . $route_namespace . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . $route . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
			),
			&#039;4.4.0&#039;
		);
		return false;
	}

	$clean_namespace = trim( $route_namespace, &#039;/&#039; );

	if ( $clean_namespace !== $route_namespace ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: string value of the namespace, 2: string value of the route. */
				__( &#039;Namespace must not start or end with a slash. Instead namespace \&#039;%1$s\&#039; for route \&#039;%2$s\&#039; seems to contain a slash.&#039; ),
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . $route_namespace . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . $route . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
			),
			&#039;5.4.2&#039;
		);
	}

	if ( ! did_action( &#039;rest_api_init&#039; ) ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: rest_api_init, 2: string value of the route, 3: string value of the namespace. */
				__( &#039;REST API routes must be registered on the %1$s action. Instead route \&#039;%2$s\&#039; with namespace \&#039;%3$s\&#039; was not registered on this action.&#039; ),
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;rest_api_init&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . $route . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . $route_namespace . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
			),
			&#039;5.1.0&#039;
		);
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;args&#039;] ) ) {
		$common_args = $args[&#039;args&#039;];
		unset( $args[&#039;args&#039;] );
	} else {
		$common_args = array();
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;callback&#039;] ) ) {
		// Upgrade a single set to multiple.
		$args = array( $args );
	}

	$defaults = array(
		&#039;methods&#039;  =&gt; &#039;GET&#039;,
		&#039;callback&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;args&#039;     =&gt; array(),
	);

	foreach ( $args as $key =&gt; &amp;$arg_group ) {
		if ( ! is_numeric( $key ) ) {
			// Route option, skip here.
			continue;
		}

		$arg_group         = array_merge( $defaults, $arg_group );
		$arg_group[&#039;args&#039;] = array_merge( $common_args, $arg_group[&#039;args&#039;] );

		if ( ! isset( $arg_group[&#039;permission_callback&#039;] ) ) {
			_doing_it_wrong(
				__FUNCTION__,
				sprintf(
					/* translators: 1: The REST API route being registered, 2: The argument name, 3: The suggested function name. */
					__( &#039;The REST API route definition for %1$s is missing the required %2$s argument. For REST API routes that are intended to be public, use %3$s as the permission callback.&#039; ),
					&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . $clean_namespace . &#039;/&#039; . trim( $route, &#039;/&#039; ) . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
					&#039;&lt;code&gt;permission_callback&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
					&#039;&lt;code&gt;__return_true&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
				),
				&#039;5.5.0&#039;
			);
		}

		foreach ( $arg_group[&#039;args&#039;] as $arg ) {
			if ( ! is_array( $arg ) ) {
				_doing_it_wrong(
					__FUNCTION__,
					sprintf(
						/* translators: 1: $args, 2: The REST API route being registered. */
						__( &#039;REST API %1$s should be an array of arrays. Non-array value detected for %2$s.&#039; ),
						&#039;&lt;code&gt;$args&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
						&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . $clean_namespace . &#039;/&#039; . trim( $route, &#039;/&#039; ) . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
					),
					&#039;6.1.0&#039;
				);
				break; // Leave the foreach loop once a non-array argument was found.
			}
		}
	}

	$full_route = &#039;/&#039; . $clean_namespace . &#039;/&#039; . trim( $route, &#039;/&#039; );
	rest_get_server()-&gt;register_route( $clean_namespace, $full_route, $args, $override );
	return true;
}

/**
 * Registers a new field on an existing WordPress object type.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @global array $wp_rest_additional_fields Holds registered fields, organized
 *                                          by object type.
 *
 * @param string|array $object_type Object(s) the field is being registered to,
 *                                  &quot;post&quot;|&quot;term&quot;|&quot;comment&quot; etc.
 * @param string       $attribute   The attribute name.
 * @param array        $args {
 *     Optional. An array of arguments used to handle the registered field.
 *
 *     @type callable|null $get_callback    Optional. The callback function used to retrieve the field value. Default is
 *                                          &#039;null&#039;, the field will not be returned in the response. The function will
 *                                          be passed the prepared object data.
 *     @type callable|null $update_callback Optional. The callback function used to set and update the field value. Default
 *                                          is &#039;null&#039;, the value cannot be set or updated. The function will be passed
 *                                          the model object, like WP_Post.
 *     @type array|null $schema             Optional. The schema for this field.
 *                                          Default is &#039;null&#039;, no schema entry will be returned.
 * }
 */
function register_rest_field( $object_type, $attribute, $args = array() ) {
	global $wp_rest_additional_fields;

	$defaults = array(
		&#039;get_callback&#039;    =&gt; null,
		&#039;update_callback&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;schema&#039;          =&gt; null,
	);

	$args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	$object_types = (array) $object_type;

	foreach ( $object_types as $object_type ) {
		$wp_rest_additional_fields[ $object_type ][ $attribute ] = $args;
	}
}

/**
 * Registers rewrite rules for the REST API.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @see rest_api_register_rewrites()
 * @global WP $wp Current WordPress environment instance.
 */
function rest_api_init() {
	rest_api_register_rewrites();

	global $wp;
	$wp-&gt;add_query_var( &#039;rest_route&#039; );
}

/**
 * Adds REST rewrite rules.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @see add_rewrite_rule()
 * @global WP_Rewrite $wp_rewrite WordPress rewrite component.
 */
function rest_api_register_rewrites() {
	global $wp_rewrite;

	add_rewrite_rule( &#039;^&#039; . rest_get_url_prefix() . &#039;/?$&#039;, &#039;index.php?rest_route=/&#039;, &#039;top&#039; );
	add_rewrite_rule( &#039;^&#039; . rest_get_url_prefix() . &#039;/(.*)?&#039;, &#039;index.php?rest_route=/$matches[1]&#039;, &#039;top&#039; );
	add_rewrite_rule( &#039;^&#039; . $wp_rewrite-&gt;index . &#039;/&#039; . rest_get_url_prefix() . &#039;/?$&#039;, &#039;index.php?rest_route=/&#039;, &#039;top&#039; );
	add_rewrite_rule( &#039;^&#039; . $wp_rewrite-&gt;index . &#039;/&#039; . rest_get_url_prefix() . &#039;/(.*)?&#039;, &#039;index.php?rest_route=/$matches[1]&#039;, &#039;top&#039; );
}

/**
 * Registers the default REST API filters.
 *
 * Attached to the {@see &#039;rest_api_init&#039;} action
 * to make testing and disabling these filters easier.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 */
function rest_api_default_filters() {
	if ( wp_is_serving_rest_request() ) {
		// Deprecated reporting.
		add_action( &#039;deprecated_function_run&#039;, &#039;rest_handle_deprecated_function&#039;, 10, 3 );
		add_filter( &#039;deprecated_function_trigger_error&#039;, &#039;__return_false&#039; );
		add_action( &#039;deprecated_argument_run&#039;, &#039;rest_handle_deprecated_argument&#039;, 10, 3 );
		add_filter( &#039;deprecated_argument_trigger_error&#039;, &#039;__return_false&#039; );
		add_action( &#039;doing_it_wrong_run&#039;, &#039;rest_handle_doing_it_wrong&#039;, 10, 3 );
		add_filter( &#039;doing_it_wrong_trigger_error&#039;, &#039;__return_false&#039; );
	}

	// Default serving.
	add_filter( &#039;rest_pre_serve_request&#039;, &#039;rest_send_cors_headers&#039; );
	add_filter( &#039;rest_post_dispatch&#039;, &#039;rest_send_allow_header&#039;, 10, 3 );
	add_filter( &#039;rest_post_dispatch&#039;, &#039;rest_filter_response_fields&#039;, 10, 3 );

	add_filter( &#039;rest_pre_dispatch&#039;, &#039;rest_handle_options_request&#039;, 10, 3 );
	add_filter( &#039;rest_index&#039;, &#039;rest_add_application_passwords_to_index&#039; );
}

/**
 * Registers default REST API routes.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 */
function create_initial_rest_routes() {
	foreach ( get_post_types( array( &#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true ), &#039;objects&#039; ) as $post_type ) {
		$controller = $post_type-&gt;get_rest_controller();

		if ( ! $controller ) {
			continue;
		}

		if ( ! $post_type-&gt;late_route_registration ) {
			$controller-&gt;register_routes();
		}

		$revisions_controller = $post_type-&gt;get_revisions_rest_controller();
		if ( $revisions_controller ) {
			$revisions_controller-&gt;register_routes();
		}

		$autosaves_controller = $post_type-&gt;get_autosave_rest_controller();
		if ( $autosaves_controller ) {
			$autosaves_controller-&gt;register_routes();
		}

		if ( $post_type-&gt;late_route_registration ) {
			$controller-&gt;register_routes();
		}
	}

	// Post types.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Post_Types_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Post statuses.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Post_Statuses_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Taxonomies.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Taxonomies_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Terms.
	foreach ( get_taxonomies( array( &#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true ), &#039;object&#039; ) as $taxonomy ) {
		$controller = $taxonomy-&gt;get_rest_controller();

		if ( ! $controller ) {
			continue;
		}

		$controller-&gt;register_routes();
	}

	// Users.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Users_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Application Passwords
	$controller = new WP_REST_Application_Passwords_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Comments.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Comments_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	$search_handlers = array(
		new WP_REST_Post_Search_Handler(),
		new WP_REST_Term_Search_Handler(),
		new WP_REST_Post_Format_Search_Handler(),
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the search handlers to use in the REST search controller.
	 *
	 * @since 5.0.0
	 *
	 * @param array $search_handlers List of search handlers to use in the controller. Each search
	 *                               handler instance must extend the `WP_REST_Search_Handler` class.
	 *                               Default is only a handler for posts.
	 */
	$search_handlers = apply_filters( &#039;wp_rest_search_handlers&#039;, $search_handlers );

	$controller = new WP_REST_Search_Controller( $search_handlers );
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Block Renderer.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Block_Renderer_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Block Types.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Block_Types_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Settings.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Settings_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Themes.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Themes_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Plugins.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Plugins_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Sidebars.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Sidebars_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Widget Types.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Widget_Types_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Widgets.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Widgets_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Block Directory.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Block_Directory_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Pattern Directory.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Pattern_Directory_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Block Patterns.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Block_Patterns_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Block Pattern Categories.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Block_Pattern_Categories_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Site Health.
	$site_health = WP_Site_Health::get_instance();
	$controller  = new WP_REST_Site_Health_Controller( $site_health );
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// URL Details.
	$controller = new WP_REST_URL_Details_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Menu Locations.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Menu_Locations_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Site Editor Export.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Edit_Site_Export_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Navigation Fallback.
	$controller = new WP_REST_Navigation_Fallback_Controller();
	$controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Font Collections.
	$font_collections_controller = new WP_REST_Font_Collections_Controller();
	$font_collections_controller-&gt;register_routes();

	// Abilities.
	$abilities_categories_controller = new WP_REST_Abilities_V1_Categories_Controller();
	$abilities_categories_controller-&gt;register_routes();
	$abilities_run_controller = new WP_REST_Abilities_V1_Run_Controller();
	$abilities_run_controller-&gt;register_routes();
	$abilities_list_controller = new WP_REST_Abilities_V1_List_Controller();
	$abilities_list_controller-&gt;register_routes();
}

/**
 * Loads the REST API.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @global WP $wp Current WordPress environment instance.
 */
function rest_api_loaded() {
	if ( empty( $GLOBALS[&#039;wp&#039;]-&gt;query_vars[&#039;rest_route&#039;] ) ) {
		return;
	}

	// Return an error message if query_var is not a string.
	if ( ! is_string( $GLOBALS[&#039;wp&#039;]-&gt;query_vars[&#039;rest_route&#039;] ) ) {
		$rest_type_error = new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_path_invalid_type&#039;,
			__( &#039;The REST route parameter must be a string.&#039; ),
			array( &#039;status&#039; =&gt; 400 )
		);
		wp_die( $rest_type_error );
	}

	/**
	 * Whether this is a REST Request.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 * @var bool
	 */
	define( &#039;REST_REQUEST&#039;, true );

	// Initialize the server.
	$server = rest_get_server();

	// Fire off the request.
	$route = untrailingslashit( $GLOBALS[&#039;wp&#039;]-&gt;query_vars[&#039;rest_route&#039;] );
	if ( empty( $route ) ) {
		$route = &#039;/&#039;;
	}
	$server-&gt;serve_request( $route );

	// We&#039;re done.
	die();
}

/**
 * Retrieves the URL prefix for any API resource.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @return string Prefix.
 */
function rest_get_url_prefix() {
	/**
	 * Filters the REST URL prefix.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param string $prefix URL prefix. Default &#039;wp-json&#039;.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &#039;rest_url_prefix&#039;, &#039;wp-json&#039; );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the URL to a REST endpoint on a site.
 *
 * Note: The returned URL is NOT escaped.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @todo Check if this is even necessary
 * @global WP_Rewrite $wp_rewrite WordPress rewrite component.
 *
 * @param int|null $blog_id Optional. Blog ID. Default of null returns URL for current blog.
 * @param string   $path    Optional. REST route. Default &#039;/&#039;.
 * @param string   $scheme  Optional. Sanitization scheme. Default &#039;rest&#039;.
 * @return string Full URL to the endpoint.
 */
function get_rest_url( $blog_id = null, $path = &#039;/&#039;, $scheme = &#039;rest&#039; ) {
	if ( empty( $path ) ) {
		$path = &#039;/&#039;;
	}

	$path = &#039;/&#039; . ltrim( $path, &#039;/&#039; );

	if ( is_multisite() &amp;&amp; get_blog_option( $blog_id, &#039;permalink_structure&#039; ) || get_option( &#039;permalink_structure&#039; ) ) {
		global $wp_rewrite;

		if ( $wp_rewrite-&gt;using_index_permalinks() ) {
			$url = get_home_url( $blog_id, $wp_rewrite-&gt;index . &#039;/&#039; . rest_get_url_prefix(), $scheme );
		} else {
			$url = get_home_url( $blog_id, rest_get_url_prefix(), $scheme );
		}

		$url .= $path;
	} else {
		$url = trailingslashit( get_home_url( $blog_id, &#039;&#039;, $scheme ) );
		/*
		 * nginx only allows HTTP/1.0 methods when redirecting from / to /index.php.
		 * To work around this, we manually add index.php to the URL, avoiding the redirect.
		 */
		if ( ! str_ends_with( $url, &#039;index.php&#039; ) ) {
			$url .= &#039;index.php&#039;;
		}

		$url = add_query_arg( &#039;rest_route&#039;, $path, $url );
	}

	if ( is_ssl() &amp;&amp; isset( $_SERVER[&#039;SERVER_NAME&#039;] ) ) {
		// If the current host is the same as the REST URL host, force the REST URL scheme to HTTPS.
		if ( parse_url( get_home_url( $blog_id ), PHP_URL_HOST ) === $_SERVER[&#039;SERVER_NAME&#039;] ) {
			$url = set_url_scheme( $url, &#039;https&#039; );
		}
	}

	if ( is_admin() &amp;&amp; force_ssl_admin() ) {
		/*
		 * In this situation the home URL may be http:, and `is_ssl()` may be false,
		 * but the admin is served over https: (one way or another), so REST API usage
		 * will be blocked by browsers unless it is also served over HTTPS.
		 */
		$url = set_url_scheme( $url, &#039;https&#039; );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the REST URL.
	 *
	 * Use this filter to adjust the url returned by the get_rest_url() function.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param string   $url     REST URL.
	 * @param string   $path    REST route.
	 * @param int|null $blog_id Blog ID.
	 * @param string   $scheme  Sanitization scheme.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &#039;rest_url&#039;, $url, $path, $blog_id, $scheme );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the URL to a REST endpoint.
 *
 * Note: The returned URL is NOT escaped.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string $path   Optional. REST route. Default empty.
 * @param string $scheme Optional. Sanitization scheme. Default &#039;rest&#039;.
 * @return string Full URL to the endpoint.
 */
function rest_url( $path = &#039;&#039;, $scheme = &#039;rest&#039; ) {
	return get_rest_url( null, $path, $scheme );
}

/**
 * Do a REST request.
 *
 * Used primarily to route internal requests through WP_REST_Server.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param WP_REST_Request|string $request Request.
 * @return WP_REST_Response REST response.
 */
function rest_do_request( $request ) {
	$request = rest_ensure_request( $request );
	return rest_get_server()-&gt;dispatch( $request );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the current REST server instance.
 *
 * Instantiates a new instance if none exists already.
 *
 * @since 4.5.0
 *
 * @global WP_REST_Server $wp_rest_server REST server instance.
 *
 * @return WP_REST_Server REST server instance.
 */
function rest_get_server() {
	/* @var WP_REST_Server $wp_rest_server */
	global $wp_rest_server;

	if ( empty( $wp_rest_server ) ) {
		/**
		 * Filters the REST Server Class.
		 *
		 * This filter allows you to adjust the server class used by the REST API, using a
		 * different class to handle requests.
		 *
		 * @since 4.4.0
		 *
		 * @param string $class_name The name of the server class. Default &#039;WP_REST_Server&#039;.
		 */
		$wp_rest_server_class = apply_filters( &#039;wp_rest_server_class&#039;, &#039;WP_REST_Server&#039; );
		$wp_rest_server       = new $wp_rest_server_class();

		/**
		 * Fires when preparing to serve a REST API request.
		 *
		 * Endpoint objects should be created and register their hooks on this action rather
		 * than another action to ensure they&#039;re only loaded when needed.
		 *
		 * @since 4.4.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_REST_Server $wp_rest_server Server object.
		 */
		do_action( &#039;rest_api_init&#039;, $wp_rest_server );
	}

	return $wp_rest_server;
}

/**
 * Ensures request arguments are a request object (for consistency).
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Accept string argument for the request path.
 *
 * @param array|string|WP_REST_Request $request Request to check.
 * @return WP_REST_Request REST request instance.
 */
function rest_ensure_request( $request ) {
	if ( $request instanceof WP_REST_Request ) {
		return $request;
	}

	if ( is_string( $request ) ) {
		return new WP_REST_Request( &#039;GET&#039;, $request );
	}

	return new WP_REST_Request( &#039;GET&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $request );
}

/**
 * Ensures a REST response is a response object (for consistency).
 *
 * This implements WP_REST_Response, allowing usage of `set_status`/`header`/etc
 * without needing to double-check the object. Will also allow WP_Error to indicate error
 * responses, so users should immediately check for this value.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param WP_REST_Response|WP_Error|WP_HTTP_Response|mixed $response Response to check.
 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error If response generated an error, WP_Error, if response
 *                                   is already an instance, WP_REST_Response, otherwise
 *                                   returns a new WP_REST_Response instance.
 */
function rest_ensure_response( $response ) {
	if ( is_wp_error( $response ) ) {
		return $response;
	}

	if ( $response instanceof WP_REST_Response ) {
		return $response;
	}

	/*
	 * While WP_HTTP_Response is the base class of WP_REST_Response, it doesn&#039;t provide
	 * all the required methods used in WP_REST_Server::dispatch().
	 */
	if ( $response instanceof WP_HTTP_Response ) {
		return new WP_REST_Response(
			$response-&gt;get_data(),
			$response-&gt;get_status(),
			$response-&gt;get_headers()
		);
	}

	return new WP_REST_Response( $response );
}

/**
 * Handles _deprecated_function() errors.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string $function_name The function that was called.
 * @param string $replacement   The function that should have been called.
 * @param string $version       Version.
 */
function rest_handle_deprecated_function( $function_name, $replacement, $version ) {
	if ( ! WP_DEBUG || headers_sent() ) {
		return;
	}
	if ( ! empty( $replacement ) ) {
		/* translators: 1: Function name, 2: WordPress version number, 3: New function name. */
		$string = sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s (since %2$s; use %3$s instead)&#039; ), $function_name, $version, $replacement );
	} else {
		/* translators: 1: Function name, 2: WordPress version number. */
		$string = sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s (since %2$s; no alternative available)&#039; ), $function_name, $version );
	}

	header( sprintf( &#039;X-WP-DeprecatedFunction: %s&#039;, $string ) );
}

/**
 * Handles _deprecated_argument() errors.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string $function_name The function that was called.
 * @param string $message       A message regarding the change.
 * @param string $version       Version.
 */
function rest_handle_deprecated_argument( $function_name, $message, $version ) {
	if ( ! WP_DEBUG || headers_sent() ) {
		return;
	}
	if ( $message ) {
		/* translators: 1: Function name, 2: WordPress version number, 3: Error message. */
		$string = sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s (since %2$s; %3$s)&#039; ), $function_name, $version, $message );
	} else {
		/* translators: 1: Function name, 2: WordPress version number. */
		$string = sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s (since %2$s; no alternative available)&#039; ), $function_name, $version );
	}

	header( sprintf( &#039;X-WP-DeprecatedParam: %s&#039;, $string ) );
}

/**
 * Handles _doing_it_wrong errors.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param string      $function_name The function that was called.
 * @param string      $message       A message explaining what has been done incorrectly.
 * @param string|null $version       The version of WordPress where the message was added.
 */
function rest_handle_doing_it_wrong( $function_name, $message, $version ) {
	if ( ! WP_DEBUG || headers_sent() ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( $version ) {
		/* translators: Developer debugging message. 1: PHP function name, 2: WordPress version number, 3: Explanatory message. */
		$string = __( &#039;%1$s (since %2$s; %3$s)&#039; );
		$string = sprintf( $string, $function_name, $version, $message );
	} else {
		/* translators: Developer debugging message. 1: PHP function name, 2: Explanatory message. */
		$string = __( &#039;%1$s (%2$s)&#039; );
		$string = sprintf( $string, $function_name, $message );
	}

	header( sprintf( &#039;X-WP-DoingItWrong: %s&#039;, $string ) );
}

/**
 * Sends Cross-Origin Resource Sharing headers with API requests.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param mixed $value Response data.
 * @return mixed Response data.
 */
function rest_send_cors_headers( $value ) {
	$origin = get_http_origin();

	if ( $origin ) {
		// Requests from file:// and data: URLs send &quot;Origin: null&quot;.
		if ( &#039;null&#039; !== $origin ) {
			$origin = sanitize_url( $origin );
		}
		header( &#039;Access-Control-Allow-Origin: &#039; . $origin );
		header( &#039;Access-Control-Allow-Methods: OPTIONS, GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE&#039; );
		header( &#039;Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true&#039; );
		header( &#039;Vary: Origin&#039;, false );
	} elseif ( ! headers_sent() &amp;&amp; &#039;GET&#039; === $_SERVER[&#039;REQUEST_METHOD&#039;] &amp;&amp; ! is_user_logged_in() ) {
		header( &#039;Vary: Origin&#039;, false );
	}

	return $value;
}

/**
 * Handles OPTIONS requests for the server.
 *
 * This is handled outside of the server code, as it doesn&#039;t obey normal route
 * mapping.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param mixed           $response Current response, either response or `null` to indicate pass-through.
 * @param WP_REST_Server  $handler  ResponseHandler instance (usually WP_REST_Server).
 * @param WP_REST_Request $request  The request that was used to make current response.
 * @return WP_REST_Response Modified response, either response or `null` to indicate pass-through.
 */
function rest_handle_options_request( $response, $handler, $request ) {
	if ( ! empty( $response ) || $request-&gt;get_method() !== &#039;OPTIONS&#039; ) {
		return $response;
	}

	$response = new WP_REST_Response();
	$data     = array();

	foreach ( $handler-&gt;get_routes() as $route =&gt; $endpoints ) {
		$match = preg_match( &#039;@^&#039; . $route . &#039;$@i&#039;, $request-&gt;get_route(), $matches );

		if ( ! $match ) {
			continue;
		}

		$args = array();
		foreach ( $matches as $param =&gt; $value ) {
			if ( ! is_int( $param ) ) {
				$args[ $param ] = $value;
			}
		}

		foreach ( $endpoints as $endpoint ) {
			$request-&gt;set_url_params( $args );
			$request-&gt;set_attributes( $endpoint );
		}

		$data = $handler-&gt;get_data_for_route( $route, $endpoints, &#039;help&#039; );
		$response-&gt;set_matched_route( $route );
		break;
	}

	$response-&gt;set_data( $data );
	return $response;
}

/**
 * Sends the &quot;Allow&quot; header to state all methods that can be sent to the current route.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param WP_REST_Response $response Current response being served.
 * @param WP_REST_Server   $server   ResponseHandler instance (usually WP_REST_Server).
 * @param WP_REST_Request  $request  The request that was used to make current response.
 * @return WP_REST_Response Response to be served, with &quot;Allow&quot; header if route has allowed methods.
 */
function rest_send_allow_header( $response, $server, $request ) {
	$matched_route = $response-&gt;get_matched_route();

	if ( ! $matched_route ) {
		return $response;
	}

	$routes = $server-&gt;get_routes();

	$allowed_methods = array();

	// Get the allowed methods across the routes.
	foreach ( $routes[ $matched_route ] as $_handler ) {
		foreach ( $_handler[&#039;methods&#039;] as $handler_method =&gt; $value ) {

			if ( ! empty( $_handler[&#039;permission_callback&#039;] ) ) {

				$permission = call_user_func( $_handler[&#039;permission_callback&#039;], $request );

				$allowed_methods[ $handler_method ] = true === $permission;
			} else {
				$allowed_methods[ $handler_method ] = true;
			}
		}
	}

	// Strip out all the methods that are not allowed (false values).
	$allowed_methods = array_filter( $allowed_methods );

	if ( $allowed_methods ) {
		$response-&gt;header( &#039;Allow&#039;, implode( &#039;, &#039;, array_map( &#039;strtoupper&#039;, array_keys( $allowed_methods ) ) ) );
	}

	return $response;
}

/**
 * Recursively computes the intersection of arrays using keys for comparison.
 *
 * @since 5.3.0
 *
 * @param array $array1 The array with master keys to check.
 * @param array $array2 An array to compare keys against.
 * @return array An associative array containing all the entries of array1 which have keys
 *               that are present in all arguments.
 */
function _rest_array_intersect_key_recursive( $array1, $array2 ) {
	$array1 = array_intersect_key( $array1, $array2 );
	foreach ( $array1 as $key =&gt; $value ) {
		if ( is_array( $value ) &amp;&amp; is_array( $array2[ $key ] ) ) {
			$array1[ $key ] = _rest_array_intersect_key_recursive( $value, $array2[ $key ] );
		}
	}
	return $array1;
}

/**
 * Filters the REST API response to include only an allow-listed set of response object fields.
 *
 * @since 4.8.0
 *
 * @param WP_REST_Response $response Current response being served.
 * @param WP_REST_Server   $server   ResponseHandler instance (usually WP_REST_Server).
 * @param WP_REST_Request  $request  The request that was used to make current response.
 * @return WP_REST_Response Response to be served, trimmed down to contain a subset of fields.
 */
function rest_filter_response_fields( $response, $server, $request ) {
	if ( ! isset( $request[&#039;_fields&#039;] ) || $response-&gt;is_error() ) {
		return $response;
	}

	$data = $response-&gt;get_data();

	$fields = wp_parse_list( $request[&#039;_fields&#039;] );

	if ( 0 === count( $fields ) ) {
		return $response;
	}

	// Trim off outside whitespace from the comma delimited list.
	$fields = array_map( &#039;trim&#039;, $fields );

	// Create nested array of accepted field hierarchy.
	$fields_as_keyed = array();
	foreach ( $fields as $field ) {
		$parts = explode( &#039;.&#039;, $field );
		$ref   = &amp;$fields_as_keyed;
		while ( count( $parts ) &gt; 1 ) {
			$next = array_shift( $parts );
			if ( isset( $ref[ $next ] ) &amp;&amp; true === $ref[ $next ] ) {
				// Skip any sub-properties if their parent prop is already marked for inclusion.
				break 2;
			}
			$ref[ $next ] = isset( $ref[ $next ] ) ? $ref[ $next ] : array();
			$ref          = &amp;$ref[ $next ];
		}
		$last         = array_shift( $parts );
		$ref[ $last ] = true;
	}

	if ( wp_is_numeric_array( $data ) ) {
		$new_data = array();
		foreach ( $data as $item ) {
			$new_data[] = _rest_array_intersect_key_recursive( $item, $fields_as_keyed );
		}
	} else {
		$new_data = _rest_array_intersect_key_recursive( $data, $fields_as_keyed );
	}

	$response-&gt;set_data( $new_data );

	return $response;
}

/**
 * Given an array of fields to include in a response, some of which may be
 * `nested.fields`, determine whether the provided field should be included
 * in the response body.
 *
 * If a parent field is passed in, the presence of any nested field within
 * that parent will cause the method to return `true`. For example &quot;title&quot;
 * will return true if any of `title`, `title.raw` or `title.rendered` is
 * provided.
 *
 * @since 5.3.0
 *
 * @param string $field  A field to test for inclusion in the response body.
 * @param array  $fields An array of string fields supported by the endpoint.
 * @return bool Whether to include the field or not.
 */
function rest_is_field_included( $field, $fields ) {
	if ( in_array( $field, $fields, true ) ) {
		return true;
	}

	foreach ( $fields as $accepted_field ) {
		/*
		 * Check to see if $field is the parent of any item in $fields.
		 * A field &quot;parent&quot; should be accepted if &quot;parent.child&quot; is accepted.
		 */
		if ( str_starts_with( $accepted_field, &quot;$field.&quot; ) ) {
			return true;
		}
		/*
		 * Conversely, if &quot;parent&quot; is accepted, all &quot;parent.child&quot; fields
		 * should also be accepted.
		 */
		if ( str_starts_with( $field, &quot;$accepted_field.&quot; ) ) {
			return true;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Adds the REST API URL to the WP RSD endpoint.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @see get_rest_url()
 */
function rest_output_rsd() {
	$api_root = get_rest_url();

	if ( empty( $api_root ) ) {
		return;
	}
	?&gt;
	&lt;api name=&quot;WP-API&quot; blogID=&quot;1&quot; preferred=&quot;false&quot; apiLink=&quot;&lt;?php echo esc_url( $api_root ); ?&gt;&quot; /&gt;
	&lt;?php
}

/**
 * Outputs the REST API link tag into page header.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @see get_rest_url()
 */
function rest_output_link_wp_head() {
	$api_root = get_rest_url();

	if ( empty( $api_root ) ) {
		return;
	}

	printf( &#039;&lt;link rel=&quot;https://api.w.org/&quot; href=&quot;%s&quot; /&gt;&#039;, esc_url( $api_root ) );

	$resource = rest_get_queried_resource_route();

	if ( $resource ) {
		printf(
			&#039;&lt;link rel=&quot;alternate&quot; title=&quot;%1$s&quot; type=&quot;application/json&quot; href=&quot;%2$s&quot; /&gt;&#039;,
			_x( &#039;JSON&#039;, &#039;REST API resource link name&#039; ),
			esc_url( rest_url( $resource ) )
		);
	}
}

/**
 * Sends a Link header for the REST API.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 */
function rest_output_link_header() {
	if ( headers_sent() ) {
		return;
	}

	$api_root = get_rest_url();

	if ( empty( $api_root ) ) {
		return;
	}

	header( sprintf( &#039;Link: &lt;%s&gt;; rel=&quot;https://api.w.org/&quot;&#039;, sanitize_url( $api_root ) ), false );

	$resource = rest_get_queried_resource_route();

	if ( $resource ) {
		header(
			sprintf(
				&#039;Link: &lt;%1$s&gt;; rel=&quot;alternate&quot;; title=&quot;%2$s&quot;; type=&quot;application/json&quot;&#039;,
				sanitize_url( rest_url( $resource ) ),
				_x( &#039;JSON&#039;, &#039;REST API resource link name&#039; )
			),
			false
		);
	}
}

/**
 * Checks for errors when using cookie-based authentication.
 *
 * WordPress&#039; built-in cookie authentication is always active
 * for logged in users. However, the API has to check nonces
 * for each request to ensure users are not vulnerable to CSRF.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @global mixed          $wp_rest_auth_cookie
 *
 * @param WP_Error|mixed $result Error from another authentication handler,
 *                               null if we should handle it, or another value if not.
 * @return WP_Error|mixed|bool WP_Error if the cookie is invalid, the $result, otherwise true.
 */
function rest_cookie_check_errors( $result ) {
	if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
		return $result;
	}

	global $wp_rest_auth_cookie;

	/*
	 * Is cookie authentication being used? (If we get an auth
	 * error, but we&#039;re still logged in, another authentication
	 * must have been used).
	 */
	if ( true !== $wp_rest_auth_cookie &amp;&amp; is_user_logged_in() ) {
		return $result;
	}

	// Determine if there is a nonce.
	$nonce = null;

	if ( isset( $_REQUEST[&#039;_wpnonce&#039;] ) ) {
		$nonce = $_REQUEST[&#039;_wpnonce&#039;];
	} elseif ( isset( $_SERVER[&#039;HTTP_X_WP_NONCE&#039;] ) ) {
		$nonce = $_SERVER[&#039;HTTP_X_WP_NONCE&#039;];
	}

	if ( null === $nonce ) {
		// No nonce at all, so act as if it&#039;s an unauthenticated request.
		wp_set_current_user( 0 );
		return true;
	}

	// Check the nonce.
	$result = wp_verify_nonce( $nonce, &#039;wp_rest&#039; );

	if ( ! $result ) {
		add_filter( &#039;rest_send_nocache_headers&#039;, &#039;__return_true&#039;, 20 );
		return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_cookie_invalid_nonce&#039;, __( &#039;Cookie check failed&#039; ), array( &#039;status&#039; =&gt; 403 ) );
	}

	// Send a refreshed nonce in header.
	rest_get_server()-&gt;send_header( &#039;X-WP-Nonce&#039;, wp_create_nonce( &#039;wp_rest&#039; ) );

	return true;
}

/**
 * Collects cookie authentication status.
 *
 * Collects errors from wp_validate_auth_cookie for use by rest_cookie_check_errors.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @see current_action()
 * @global mixed $wp_rest_auth_cookie
 */
function rest_cookie_collect_status() {
	global $wp_rest_auth_cookie;

	$status_type = current_action();

	if ( &#039;auth_cookie_valid&#039; !== $status_type ) {
		$wp_rest_auth_cookie = substr( $status_type, 12 );
		return;
	}

	$wp_rest_auth_cookie = true;
}

/**
 * Collects the status of authenticating with an application password.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 * @since 5.7.0 Added the `$app_password` parameter.
 *
 * @global WP_User|WP_Error|null $wp_rest_application_password_status
 * @global string|null $wp_rest_application_password_uuid
 *
 * @param WP_Error $user_or_error The authenticated user or error instance.
 * @param array    $app_password  The Application Password used to authenticate.
 */
function rest_application_password_collect_status( $user_or_error, $app_password = array() ) {
	global $wp_rest_application_password_status, $wp_rest_application_password_uuid;

	$wp_rest_application_password_status = $user_or_error;

	if ( empty( $app_password[&#039;uuid&#039;] ) ) {
		$wp_rest_application_password_uuid = null;
	} else {
		$wp_rest_application_password_uuid = $app_password[&#039;uuid&#039;];
	}
}

/**
 * Gets the Application Password used for authenticating the request.
 *
 * @since 5.7.0
 *
 * @global string|null $wp_rest_application_password_uuid
 *
 * @return string|null The Application Password UUID, or null if Application Passwords was not used.
 */
function rest_get_authenticated_app_password() {
	global $wp_rest_application_password_uuid;

	return $wp_rest_application_password_uuid;
}

/**
 * Checks for errors when using application password-based authentication.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @global WP_User|WP_Error|null $wp_rest_application_password_status
 *
 * @param WP_Error|null|true $result Error from another authentication handler,
 *                                   null if we should handle it, or another value if not.
 * @return WP_Error|null|true WP_Error if the application password is invalid, the $result, otherwise true.
 */
function rest_application_password_check_errors( $result ) {
	global $wp_rest_application_password_status;

	if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
		return $result;
	}

	if ( is_wp_error( $wp_rest_application_password_status ) ) {
		$data = $wp_rest_application_password_status-&gt;get_error_data();

		if ( ! isset( $data[&#039;status&#039;] ) ) {
			$data[&#039;status&#039;] = 401;
		}

		$wp_rest_application_password_status-&gt;add_data( $data );

		return $wp_rest_application_password_status;
	}

	if ( $wp_rest_application_password_status instanceof WP_User ) {
		return true;
	}

	return $result;
}

/**
 * Adds Application Passwords info to the REST API index.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param WP_REST_Response $response The index response object.
 * @return WP_REST_Response
 */
function rest_add_application_passwords_to_index( $response ) {
	if ( ! wp_is_application_passwords_available() ) {
		return $response;
	}

	$response-&gt;data[&#039;authentication&#039;][&#039;application-passwords&#039;] = array(
		&#039;endpoints&#039; =&gt; array(
			&#039;authorization&#039; =&gt; admin_url( &#039;authorize-application.php&#039; ),
		),
	);

	return $response;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the avatar URLs in various sizes.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @see get_avatar_url()
 *
 * @param mixed $id_or_email The avatar to retrieve a URL for. Accepts a user ID, Gravatar MD5 hash,
 *                           user email, WP_User object, WP_Post object, or WP_Comment object.
 * @return (string|false)[] Avatar URLs keyed by size. Each value can be a URL string or boolean false.
 */
function rest_get_avatar_urls( $id_or_email ) {
	$avatar_sizes = rest_get_avatar_sizes();

	$urls = array();
	foreach ( $avatar_sizes as $size ) {
		$urls[ $size ] = get_avatar_url( $id_or_email, array( &#039;size&#039; =&gt; $size ) );
	}

	return $urls;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the pixel sizes for avatars.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @return int[] List of pixel sizes for avatars. Default `[ 24, 48, 96 ]`.
 */
function rest_get_avatar_sizes() {
	/**
	 * Filters the REST avatar sizes.
	 *
	 * Use this filter to adjust the array of sizes returned by the
	 * `rest_get_avatar_sizes` function.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param int[] $sizes An array of int values that are the pixel sizes for avatars.
	 *                     Default `[ 24, 48, 96 ]`.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &#039;rest_avatar_sizes&#039;, array( 24, 48, 96 ) );
}

/**
 * Parses an RFC3339 time into a Unix timestamp.
 *
 * Explicitly check for `false` to detect failure, as zero is a valid return
 * value on success.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string $date      RFC3339 timestamp.
 * @param bool   $force_utc Optional. Whether to force UTC timezone instead of using
 *                          the timestamp&#039;s timezone. Default false.
 * @return int|false Unix timestamp on success, false on failure.
 */
function rest_parse_date( $date, $force_utc = false ) {
	if ( $force_utc ) {
		$date = preg_replace( &#039;/[+-]\d+:?\d+$/&#039;, &#039;+00:00&#039;, $date );
	}

	$regex = &#039;#^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}[Tt ]\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(?:\.\d+)?(?:Z|[+-]\d{2}(?::\d{2})?)?$#&#039;;

	if ( ! preg_match( $regex, $date, $matches ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	return strtotime( $date );
}

/**
 * Parses a 3 or 6 digit hex color (with #).
 *
 * @since 5.4.0
 *
 * @param string $color 3 or 6 digit hex color (with #).
 * @return string|false Color value on success, false on failure.
 */
function rest_parse_hex_color( $color ) {
	$regex = &#039;|^#([A-Fa-f0-9]{3}){1,2}$|&#039;;
	if ( ! preg_match( $regex, $color, $matches ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	return $color;
}

/**
 * Parses a date into both its local and UTC equivalent, in MySQL datetime format.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @see rest_parse_date()
 *
 * @param string $date   RFC3339 timestamp.
 * @param bool   $is_utc Whether the provided date should be interpreted as UTC. Default false.
 * @return array|null {
 *     Local and UTC datetime strings, in MySQL datetime format (Y-m-d H:i:s),
 *     null on failure.
 *
 *     @type string $0 Local datetime string.
 *     @type string $1 UTC datetime string.
 * }
 */
function rest_get_date_with_gmt( $date, $is_utc = false ) {
	/*
	 * Whether or not the original date actually has a timezone string
	 * changes the way we need to do timezone conversion.
	 * Store this info before parsing the date, and use it later.
	 */
	$has_timezone = preg_match( &#039;#(Z|[+-]\d{2}(:\d{2})?)$#&#039;, $date );

	$date = rest_parse_date( $date );

	if ( false === $date ) {
		return null;
	}

	/*
	 * At this point $date could either be a local date (if we were passed
	 * a *local* date without a timezone offset) or a UTC date (otherwise).
	 * Timezone conversion needs to be handled differently between these two cases.
	 */
	if ( ! $is_utc &amp;&amp; ! $has_timezone ) {
		$local = gmdate( &#039;Y-m-d H:i:s&#039;, $date );
		$utc   = get_gmt_from_date( $local );
	} else {
		$utc   = gmdate( &#039;Y-m-d H:i:s&#039;, $date );
		$local = get_date_from_gmt( $utc );
	}

	return array( $local, $utc );
}

/**
 * Returns a contextual HTTP error code for authorization failure.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @return int 401 if the user is not logged in, 403 if the user is logged in.
 */
function rest_authorization_required_code() {
	return is_user_logged_in() ? 403 : 401;
}

/**
 * Validate a request argument based on details registered to the route.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed           $value
 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
 * @param string          $param
 * @return true|WP_Error
 */
function rest_validate_request_arg( $value, $request, $param ) {
	$attributes = $request-&gt;get_attributes();
	if ( ! isset( $attributes[&#039;args&#039;][ $param ] ) || ! is_array( $attributes[&#039;args&#039;][ $param ] ) ) {
		return true;
	}
	$args = $attributes[&#039;args&#039;][ $param ];

	return rest_validate_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param );
}

/**
 * Sanitize a request argument based on details registered to the route.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed           $value
 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
 * @param string          $param
 * @return mixed
 */
function rest_sanitize_request_arg( $value, $request, $param ) {
	$attributes = $request-&gt;get_attributes();
	if ( ! isset( $attributes[&#039;args&#039;][ $param ] ) || ! is_array( $attributes[&#039;args&#039;][ $param ] ) ) {
		return $value;
	}
	$args = $attributes[&#039;args&#039;][ $param ];

	return rest_sanitize_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param );
}

/**
 * Parse a request argument based on details registered to the route.
 *
 * Runs a validation check and sanitizes the value, primarily to be used via
 * the `sanitize_callback` arguments in the endpoint args registration.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed           $value
 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
 * @param string          $param
 * @return mixed
 */
function rest_parse_request_arg( $value, $request, $param ) {
	$is_valid = rest_validate_request_arg( $value, $request, $param );

	if ( is_wp_error( $is_valid ) ) {
		return $is_valid;
	}

	$value = rest_sanitize_request_arg( $value, $request, $param );

	return $value;
}

/**
 * Determines if an IP address is valid.
 *
 * Handles both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @param string $ip IP address.
 * @return string|false The valid IP address, otherwise false.
 */
function rest_is_ip_address( $ip ) {
	$ipv4_pattern = &#039;/^(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)$/&#039;;

	if ( ! preg_match( $ipv4_pattern, $ip ) &amp;&amp; ! WpOrg\Requests\Ipv6::check_ipv6( $ip ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	return $ip;
}

/**
 * Changes a boolean-like value into the proper boolean value.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @param bool|string|int $value The value being evaluated.
 * @return bool Returns the proper associated boolean value.
 */
function rest_sanitize_boolean( $value ) {
	// String values are translated to `true`; make sure &#039;false&#039; is false.
	if ( is_string( $value ) ) {
		$value = strtolower( $value );
		if ( in_array( $value, array( &#039;false&#039;, &#039;0&#039; ), true ) ) {
			$value = false;
		}
	}

	// Everything else will map nicely to boolean.
	return (bool) $value;
}

/**
 * Determines if a given value is boolean-like.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @param bool|string $maybe_bool The value being evaluated.
 * @return bool True if a boolean, otherwise false.
 */
function rest_is_boolean( $maybe_bool ) {
	if ( is_bool( $maybe_bool ) ) {
		return true;
	}

	if ( is_string( $maybe_bool ) ) {
		$maybe_bool = strtolower( $maybe_bool );

		$valid_boolean_values = array(
			&#039;false&#039;,
			&#039;true&#039;,
			&#039;0&#039;,
			&#039;1&#039;,
		);

		return in_array( $maybe_bool, $valid_boolean_values, true );
	}

	if ( is_int( $maybe_bool ) ) {
		return in_array( $maybe_bool, array( 0, 1 ), true );
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Determines if a given value is integer-like.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param mixed $maybe_integer The value being evaluated.
 * @return bool True if an integer, otherwise false.
 */
function rest_is_integer( $maybe_integer ) {
	return is_numeric( $maybe_integer ) &amp;&amp; round( (float) $maybe_integer ) === (float) $maybe_integer;
}

/**
 * Determines if a given value is array-like.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param mixed $maybe_array The value being evaluated.
 * @return bool
 */
function rest_is_array( $maybe_array ) {
	if ( is_scalar( $maybe_array ) ) {
		$maybe_array = wp_parse_list( $maybe_array );
	}

	return wp_is_numeric_array( $maybe_array );
}

/**
 * Converts an array-like value to an array.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param mixed $maybe_array The value being evaluated.
 * @return array Returns the array extracted from the value.
 */
function rest_sanitize_array( $maybe_array ) {
	if ( is_scalar( $maybe_array ) ) {
		return wp_parse_list( $maybe_array );
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $maybe_array ) ) {
		return array();
	}

	// Normalize to numeric array so nothing unexpected is in the keys.
	return array_values( $maybe_array );
}

/**
 * Determines if a given value is object-like.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param mixed $maybe_object The value being evaluated.
 * @return bool True if object like, otherwise false.
 */
function rest_is_object( $maybe_object ) {
	if ( &#039;&#039; === $maybe_object ) {
		return true;
	}

	if ( $maybe_object instanceof stdClass ) {
		return true;
	}

	if ( $maybe_object instanceof JsonSerializable ) {
		$maybe_object = $maybe_object-&gt;jsonSerialize();
	}

	return is_array( $maybe_object );
}

/**
 * Converts an object-like value to an array.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param mixed $maybe_object The value being evaluated.
 * @return array Returns the object extracted from the value as an associative array.
 */
function rest_sanitize_object( $maybe_object ) {
	if ( &#039;&#039; === $maybe_object ) {
		return array();
	}

	if ( $maybe_object instanceof stdClass ) {
		return (array) $maybe_object;
	}

	if ( $maybe_object instanceof JsonSerializable ) {
		$maybe_object = $maybe_object-&gt;jsonSerialize();
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $maybe_object ) ) {
		return array();
	}

	return $maybe_object;
}

/**
 * Gets the best type for a value.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param mixed    $value The value to check.
 * @param string[] $types The list of possible types.
 * @return string The best matching type, an empty string if no types match.
 */
function rest_get_best_type_for_value( $value, $types ) {
	static $checks = array(
		&#039;array&#039;   =&gt; &#039;rest_is_array&#039;,
		&#039;object&#039;  =&gt; &#039;rest_is_object&#039;,
		&#039;integer&#039; =&gt; &#039;rest_is_integer&#039;,
		&#039;number&#039;  =&gt; &#039;is_numeric&#039;,
		&#039;boolean&#039; =&gt; &#039;rest_is_boolean&#039;,
		&#039;string&#039;  =&gt; &#039;is_string&#039;,
		&#039;null&#039;    =&gt; &#039;is_null&#039;,
	);

	/*
	 * Both arrays and objects allow empty strings to be converted to their types.
	 * But the best answer for this type is a string.
	 */
	if ( &#039;&#039; === $value &amp;&amp; in_array( &#039;string&#039;, $types, true ) ) {
		return &#039;string&#039;;
	}

	foreach ( $types as $type ) {
		if ( isset( $checks[ $type ] ) &amp;&amp; $checks[ $type ]( $value ) ) {
			return $type;
		}
	}

	return &#039;&#039;;
}

/**
 * Handles getting the best type for a multi-type schema.
 *
 * This is a wrapper for {@see rest_get_best_type_for_value()} that handles
 * backward compatibility for schemas that use invalid types.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $value The value to check.
 * @param array  $args  The schema array to use.
 * @param string $param The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return string
 */
function rest_handle_multi_type_schema( $value, $args, $param = &#039;&#039; ) {
	$allowed_types = array( &#039;array&#039;, &#039;object&#039;, &#039;string&#039;, &#039;number&#039;, &#039;integer&#039;, &#039;boolean&#039;, &#039;null&#039; );
	$invalid_types = array_diff( $args[&#039;type&#039;], $allowed_types );

	if ( $invalid_types ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: List of allowed types. */
			wp_sprintf( __( &#039;The &quot;type&quot; schema keyword for %1$s can only contain the built-in types: %2$l.&#039; ), $param, $allowed_types ),
			&#039;5.5.0&#039;
		);
	}

	$best_type = rest_get_best_type_for_value( $value, $args[&#039;type&#039;] );

	if ( ! $best_type ) {
		if ( ! $invalid_types ) {
			return &#039;&#039;;
		}

		// Backward compatibility for previous behavior which allowed the value if there was an invalid type used.
		$best_type = reset( $invalid_types );
	}

	return $best_type;
}

/**
 * Checks if an array is made up of unique items.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param array $input_array The array to check.
 * @return bool True if the array contains unique items, false otherwise.
 */
function rest_validate_array_contains_unique_items( $input_array ) {
	$seen = array();

	foreach ( $input_array as $item ) {
		$stabilized = rest_stabilize_value( $item );
		$key        = serialize( $stabilized );

		if ( ! isset( $seen[ $key ] ) ) {
			$seen[ $key ] = true;

			continue;
		}

		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Stabilizes a value following JSON Schema semantics.
 *
 * For lists, order is preserved. For objects, properties are reordered alphabetically.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param mixed $value The value to stabilize. Must already be sanitized. Objects should have been converted to arrays.
 * @return mixed The stabilized value.
 */
function rest_stabilize_value( $value ) {
	if ( is_scalar( $value ) || is_null( $value ) ) {
		return $value;
	}

	if ( is_object( $value ) ) {
		_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, __( &#039;Cannot stabilize objects. Convert the object to an array first.&#039; ), &#039;5.5.0&#039; );

		return $value;
	}

	ksort( $value );

	foreach ( $value as $k =&gt; $v ) {
		$value[ $k ] = rest_stabilize_value( $v );
	}

	return $value;
}

/**
 * Validates if the JSON Schema pattern matches a value.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param string $pattern The pattern to match against.
 * @param string $value   The value to check.
 * @return bool           True if the pattern matches the given value, false otherwise.
 */
function rest_validate_json_schema_pattern( $pattern, $value ) {
	$escaped_pattern = str_replace( &#039;#&#039;, &#039;\\#&#039;, $pattern );

	return 1 === preg_match( &#039;#&#039; . $escaped_pattern . &#039;#u&#039;, $value );
}

/**
 * Finds the schema for a property using the patternProperties keyword.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param string $property The property name to check.
 * @param array  $args     The schema array to use.
 * @return array|null      The schema of matching pattern property, or null if no patterns match.
 */
function rest_find_matching_pattern_property_schema( $property, $args ) {
	if ( isset( $args[&#039;patternProperties&#039;] ) ) {
		foreach ( $args[&#039;patternProperties&#039;] as $pattern =&gt; $child_schema ) {
			if ( rest_validate_json_schema_pattern( $pattern, $property ) ) {
				return $child_schema;
			}
		}
	}

	return null;
}

/**
 * Formats a combining operation error into a WP_Error object.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param string $param The parameter name.
 * @param array $error  The error details.
 * @return WP_Error
 */
function rest_format_combining_operation_error( $param, $error ) {
	$position = $error[&#039;index&#039;];
	$reason   = $error[&#039;error_object&#039;]-&gt;get_error_message();

	if ( isset( $error[&#039;schema&#039;][&#039;title&#039;] ) ) {
		$title = $error[&#039;schema&#039;][&#039;title&#039;];

		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_no_matching_schema&#039;,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Schema title, 3: Reason. */
			sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not a valid %2$s. Reason: %3$s&#039; ), $param, $title, $reason ),
			array( &#039;position&#039; =&gt; $position )
		);
	}

	return new WP_Error(
		&#039;rest_no_matching_schema&#039;,
		/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Reason. */
		sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s does not match the expected format. Reason: %2$s&#039; ), $param, $reason ),
		array( &#039;position&#039; =&gt; $position )
	);
}

/**
 * Gets the error of combining operation.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param array  $value  The value to validate.
 * @param string $param  The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @param array  $errors The errors array, to search for possible error.
 * @return WP_Error      The combining operation error.
 */
function rest_get_combining_operation_error( $value, $param, $errors ) {
	// If there is only one error, simply return it.
	if ( 1 === count( $errors ) ) {
		return rest_format_combining_operation_error( $param, $errors[0] );
	}

	// Filter out all errors related to type validation.
	$filtered_errors = array();
	foreach ( $errors as $error ) {
		$error_code = $error[&#039;error_object&#039;]-&gt;get_error_code();
		$error_data = $error[&#039;error_object&#039;]-&gt;get_error_data();

		if ( &#039;rest_invalid_type&#039; !== $error_code || ( isset( $error_data[&#039;param&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; $param !== $error_data[&#039;param&#039;] ) ) {
			$filtered_errors[] = $error;
		}
	}

	// If there is only one error left, simply return it.
	if ( 1 === count( $filtered_errors ) ) {
		return rest_format_combining_operation_error( $param, $filtered_errors[0] );
	}

	// If there are only errors related to object validation, try choosing the most appropriate one.
	if ( count( $filtered_errors ) &gt; 1 &amp;&amp; &#039;object&#039; === $filtered_errors[0][&#039;schema&#039;][&#039;type&#039;] ) {
		$result = null;
		$number = 0;

		foreach ( $filtered_errors as $error ) {
			if ( isset( $error[&#039;schema&#039;][&#039;properties&#039;] ) ) {
				$n = count( array_intersect_key( $error[&#039;schema&#039;][&#039;properties&#039;], $value ) );
				if ( $n &gt; $number ) {
					$result = $error;
					$number = $n;
				}
			}
		}

		if ( null !== $result ) {
			return rest_format_combining_operation_error( $param, $result );
		}
	}

	// If each schema has a title, include those titles in the error message.
	$schema_titles = array();
	foreach ( $errors as $error ) {
		if ( isset( $error[&#039;schema&#039;][&#039;title&#039;] ) ) {
			$schema_titles[] = $error[&#039;schema&#039;][&#039;title&#039;];
		}
	}

	if ( count( $schema_titles ) === count( $errors ) ) {
		/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Schema titles. */
		return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_no_matching_schema&#039;, wp_sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not a valid %2$l.&#039; ), $param, $schema_titles ) );
	}

	/* translators: %s: Parameter. */
	return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_no_matching_schema&#039;, sprintf( __( &#039;%s does not match any of the expected formats.&#039; ), $param ) );
}

/**
 * Finds the matching schema among the &quot;anyOf&quot; schemas.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $value   The value to validate.
 * @param array  $args    The schema array to use.
 * @param string $param   The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return array|WP_Error The matching schema or WP_Error instance if all schemas do not match.
 */
function rest_find_any_matching_schema( $value, $args, $param ) {
	$errors = array();

	foreach ( $args[&#039;anyOf&#039;] as $index =&gt; $schema ) {
		if ( ! isset( $schema[&#039;type&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; isset( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
			$schema[&#039;type&#039;] = $args[&#039;type&#039;];
		}

		$is_valid = rest_validate_value_from_schema( $value, $schema, $param );
		if ( ! is_wp_error( $is_valid ) ) {
			return $schema;
		}

		$errors[] = array(
			&#039;error_object&#039; =&gt; $is_valid,
			&#039;schema&#039;       =&gt; $schema,
			&#039;index&#039;        =&gt; $index,
		);
	}

	return rest_get_combining_operation_error( $value, $param, $errors );
}

/**
 * Finds the matching schema among the &quot;oneOf&quot; schemas.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $value                  The value to validate.
 * @param array  $args                   The schema array to use.
 * @param string $param                  The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @param bool   $stop_after_first_match Optional. Whether the process should stop after the first successful match.
 * @return array|WP_Error                The matching schema or WP_Error instance if the number of matching schemas is not equal to one.
 */
function rest_find_one_matching_schema( $value, $args, $param, $stop_after_first_match = false ) {
	$matching_schemas = array();
	$errors           = array();

	foreach ( $args[&#039;oneOf&#039;] as $index =&gt; $schema ) {
		if ( ! isset( $schema[&#039;type&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; isset( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
			$schema[&#039;type&#039;] = $args[&#039;type&#039;];
		}

		$is_valid = rest_validate_value_from_schema( $value, $schema, $param );
		if ( ! is_wp_error( $is_valid ) ) {
			if ( $stop_after_first_match ) {
				return $schema;
			}

			$matching_schemas[] = array(
				&#039;schema_object&#039; =&gt; $schema,
				&#039;index&#039;         =&gt; $index,
			);
		} else {
			$errors[] = array(
				&#039;error_object&#039; =&gt; $is_valid,
				&#039;schema&#039;       =&gt; $schema,
				&#039;index&#039;        =&gt; $index,
			);
		}
	}

	if ( ! $matching_schemas ) {
		return rest_get_combining_operation_error( $value, $param, $errors );
	}

	if ( count( $matching_schemas ) &gt; 1 ) {
		$schema_positions = array();
		$schema_titles    = array();

		foreach ( $matching_schemas as $schema ) {
			$schema_positions[] = $schema[&#039;index&#039;];

			if ( isset( $schema[&#039;schema_object&#039;][&#039;title&#039;] ) ) {
				$schema_titles[] = $schema[&#039;schema_object&#039;][&#039;title&#039;];
			}
		}

		// If each schema has a title, include those titles in the error message.
		if ( count( $schema_titles ) === count( $matching_schemas ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				&#039;rest_one_of_multiple_matches&#039;,
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Schema titles. */
				wp_sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s matches %2$l, but should match only one.&#039; ), $param, $schema_titles ),
				array( &#039;positions&#039; =&gt; $schema_positions )
			);
		}

		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_one_of_multiple_matches&#039;,
			/* translators: %s: Parameter. */
			sprintf( __( &#039;%s matches more than one of the expected formats.&#039; ), $param ),
			array( &#039;positions&#039; =&gt; $schema_positions )
		);
	}

	return $matching_schemas[0][&#039;schema_object&#039;];
}

/**
 * Checks the equality of two values, following JSON Schema semantics.
 *
 * Property order is ignored for objects.
 *
 * Values must have been previously sanitized/coerced to their native types.
 *
 * @since 5.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed $value1 The first value to check.
 * @param mixed $value2 The second value to check.
 * @return bool True if the values are equal or false otherwise.
 */
function rest_are_values_equal( $value1, $value2 ) {
	if ( is_array( $value1 ) &amp;&amp; is_array( $value2 ) ) {
		if ( count( $value1 ) !== count( $value2 ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		foreach ( $value1 as $index =&gt; $value ) {
			if ( ! array_key_exists( $index, $value2 ) || ! rest_are_values_equal( $value, $value2[ $index ] ) ) {
				return false;
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	if ( is_int( $value1 ) &amp;&amp; is_float( $value2 )
		|| is_float( $value1 ) &amp;&amp; is_int( $value2 )
	) {
		return (float) $value1 === (float) $value2;
	}

	return $value1 === $value2;
}

/**
 * Validates that the given value is a member of the JSON Schema &quot;enum&quot;.
 *
 * @since 5.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $value  The value to validate.
 * @param array  $args   The schema array to use.
 * @param string $param  The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return true|WP_Error True if the &quot;enum&quot; contains the value or a WP_Error instance otherwise.
 */
function rest_validate_enum( $value, $args, $param ) {
	$sanitized_value = rest_sanitize_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param );
	if ( is_wp_error( $sanitized_value ) ) {
		return $sanitized_value;
	}

	foreach ( $args[&#039;enum&#039;] as $enum_value ) {
		if ( rest_are_values_equal( $sanitized_value, $enum_value ) ) {
			return true;
		}
	}

	$encoded_enum_values = array();
	foreach ( $args[&#039;enum&#039;] as $enum_value ) {
		$encoded_enum_values[] = is_scalar( $enum_value ) ? $enum_value : wp_json_encode( $enum_value );
	}

	if ( count( $encoded_enum_values ) === 1 ) {
		/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Valid values. */
		return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_not_in_enum&#039;, wp_sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not %2$s.&#039; ), $param, $encoded_enum_values[0] ) );
	}

	/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: List of valid values. */
	return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_not_in_enum&#039;, wp_sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not one of %2$l.&#039; ), $param, $encoded_enum_values ) );
}

/**
 * Get all valid JSON schema properties.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @return string[] All valid JSON schema properties.
 */
function rest_get_allowed_schema_keywords() {
	return array(
		&#039;title&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039;,
		&#039;default&#039;,
		&#039;type&#039;,
		&#039;format&#039;,
		&#039;enum&#039;,
		&#039;items&#039;,
		&#039;properties&#039;,
		&#039;additionalProperties&#039;,
		&#039;patternProperties&#039;,
		&#039;minProperties&#039;,
		&#039;maxProperties&#039;,
		&#039;minimum&#039;,
		&#039;maximum&#039;,
		&#039;exclusiveMinimum&#039;,
		&#039;exclusiveMaximum&#039;,
		&#039;multipleOf&#039;,
		&#039;minLength&#039;,
		&#039;maxLength&#039;,
		&#039;pattern&#039;,
		&#039;minItems&#039;,
		&#039;maxItems&#039;,
		&#039;uniqueItems&#039;,
		&#039;anyOf&#039;,
		&#039;oneOf&#039;,
	);
}

/**
 * Validate a value based on a schema.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 * @since 4.9.0 Support the &quot;object&quot; type.
 * @since 5.2.0 Support validating &quot;additionalProperties&quot; against a schema.
 * @since 5.3.0 Support multiple types.
 * @since 5.4.0 Convert an empty string to an empty object.
 * @since 5.5.0 Add the &quot;uuid&quot; and &quot;hex-color&quot; formats.
 *              Support the &quot;minLength&quot;, &quot;maxLength&quot; and &quot;pattern&quot; keywords for strings.
 *              Support the &quot;minItems&quot;, &quot;maxItems&quot; and &quot;uniqueItems&quot; keywords for arrays.
 *              Validate required properties.
 * @since 5.6.0 Support the &quot;minProperties&quot; and &quot;maxProperties&quot; keywords for objects.
 *              Support the &quot;multipleOf&quot; keyword for numbers and integers.
 *              Support the &quot;patternProperties&quot; keyword for objects.
 *              Support the &quot;anyOf&quot; and &quot;oneOf&quot; keywords.
 *
 * @param mixed  $value The value to validate.
 * @param array  $args  Schema array to use for validation.
 * @param string $param The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return true|WP_Error
 */
function rest_validate_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param = &#039;&#039; ) {
	if ( isset( $args[&#039;anyOf&#039;] ) ) {
		$matching_schema = rest_find_any_matching_schema( $value, $args, $param );
		if ( is_wp_error( $matching_schema ) ) {
			return $matching_schema;
		}

		if ( ! isset( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; isset( $matching_schema[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
			$args[&#039;type&#039;] = $matching_schema[&#039;type&#039;];
		}
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;oneOf&#039;] ) ) {
		$matching_schema = rest_find_one_matching_schema( $value, $args, $param );
		if ( is_wp_error( $matching_schema ) ) {
			return $matching_schema;
		}

		if ( ! isset( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; isset( $matching_schema[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
			$args[&#039;type&#039;] = $matching_schema[&#039;type&#039;];
		}
	}

	$allowed_types = array( &#039;array&#039;, &#039;object&#039;, &#039;string&#039;, &#039;number&#039;, &#039;integer&#039;, &#039;boolean&#039;, &#039;null&#039; );

	if ( ! isset( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
		/* translators: %s: Parameter. */
		_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( &#039;The &quot;type&quot; schema keyword for %s is required.&#039; ), $param ), &#039;5.5.0&#039; );
	}

	if ( is_array( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
		$best_type = rest_handle_multi_type_schema( $value, $args, $param );

		if ( ! $best_type ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				&#039;rest_invalid_type&#039;,
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: List of types. */
				sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not of type %2$s.&#039; ), $param, implode( &#039;,&#039;, $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) ),
				array( &#039;param&#039; =&gt; $param )
			);
		}

		$args[&#039;type&#039;] = $best_type;
	}

	if ( ! in_array( $args[&#039;type&#039;], $allowed_types, true ) ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: The list of allowed types. */
			wp_sprintf( __( &#039;The &quot;type&quot; schema keyword for %1$s can only be one of the built-in types: %2$l.&#039; ), $param, $allowed_types ),
			&#039;5.5.0&#039;
		);
	}

	switch ( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) {
		case &#039;null&#039;:
			$is_valid = rest_validate_null_value_from_schema( $value, $param );
			break;
		case &#039;boolean&#039;:
			$is_valid = rest_validate_boolean_value_from_schema( $value, $param );
			break;
		case &#039;object&#039;:
			$is_valid = rest_validate_object_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param );
			break;
		case &#039;array&#039;:
			$is_valid = rest_validate_array_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param );
			break;
		case &#039;number&#039;:
			$is_valid = rest_validate_number_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param );
			break;
		case &#039;string&#039;:
			$is_valid = rest_validate_string_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param );
			break;
		case &#039;integer&#039;:
			$is_valid = rest_validate_integer_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param );
			break;
		default:
			$is_valid = true;
			break;
	}

	if ( is_wp_error( $is_valid ) ) {
		return $is_valid;
	}

	if ( ! empty( $args[&#039;enum&#039;] ) ) {
		$enum_contains_value = rest_validate_enum( $value, $args, $param );
		if ( is_wp_error( $enum_contains_value ) ) {
			return $enum_contains_value;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * The &quot;format&quot; keyword should only be applied to strings. However, for backward compatibility,
	 * we allow the &quot;format&quot; keyword if the type keyword was not specified, or was set to an invalid value.
	 */
	if ( isset( $args[&#039;format&#039;] )
		&amp;&amp; ( ! isset( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) || &#039;string&#039; === $args[&#039;type&#039;] || ! in_array( $args[&#039;type&#039;], $allowed_types, true ) )
	) {
		switch ( $args[&#039;format&#039;] ) {
			case &#039;hex-color&#039;:
				if ( ! rest_parse_hex_color( $value ) ) {
					return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_invalid_hex_color&#039;, __( &#039;Invalid hex color.&#039; ) );
				}
				break;

			case &#039;date-time&#039;:
				if ( false === rest_parse_date( $value ) ) {
					return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_invalid_date&#039;, __( &#039;Invalid date.&#039; ) );
				}
				break;

			case &#039;email&#039;:
				if ( ! is_email( $value ) ) {
					return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_invalid_email&#039;, __( &#039;Invalid email address.&#039; ) );
				}
				break;
			case &#039;ip&#039;:
				if ( ! rest_is_ip_address( $value ) ) {
					/* translators: %s: IP address. */
					return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_invalid_ip&#039;, sprintf( __( &#039;%s is not a valid IP address.&#039; ), $param ) );
				}
				break;
			case &#039;uuid&#039;:
				if ( ! wp_is_uuid( $value ) ) {
					/* translators: %s: The name of a JSON field expecting a valid UUID. */
					return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_invalid_uuid&#039;, sprintf( __( &#039;%s is not a valid UUID.&#039; ), $param ) );
				}
				break;
		}
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Validates a null value based on a schema.
 *
 * @since 5.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $value The value to validate.
 * @param string $param The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return true|WP_Error
 */
function rest_validate_null_value_from_schema( $value, $param ) {
	if ( null !== $value ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_invalid_type&#039;,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Type name. */
			sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not of type %2$s.&#039; ), $param, &#039;null&#039; ),
			array( &#039;param&#039; =&gt; $param )
		);
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Validates a boolean value based on a schema.
 *
 * @since 5.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $value The value to validate.
 * @param string $param The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return true|WP_Error
 */
function rest_validate_boolean_value_from_schema( $value, $param ) {
	if ( ! rest_is_boolean( $value ) ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_invalid_type&#039;,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Type name. */
			sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not of type %2$s.&#039; ), $param, &#039;boolean&#039; ),
			array( &#039;param&#039; =&gt; $param )
		);
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Validates an object value based on a schema.
 *
 * @since 5.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $value The value to validate.
 * @param array  $args  Schema array to use for validation.
 * @param string $param The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return true|WP_Error
 */
function rest_validate_object_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param ) {
	if ( ! rest_is_object( $value ) ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_invalid_type&#039;,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Type name. */
			sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not of type %2$s.&#039; ), $param, &#039;object&#039; ),
			array( &#039;param&#039; =&gt; $param )
		);
	}

	$value = rest_sanitize_object( $value );

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;required&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; is_array( $args[&#039;required&#039;] ) ) { // schema version 4
		foreach ( $args[&#039;required&#039;] as $name ) {
			if ( ! array_key_exists( $name, $value ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					&#039;rest_property_required&#039;,
					/* translators: 1: Property of an object, 2: Parameter. */
					sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is a required property of %2$s.&#039; ), $name, $param )
				);
			}
		}
	} elseif ( isset( $args[&#039;properties&#039;] ) ) { // schema version 3
		foreach ( $args[&#039;properties&#039;] as $name =&gt; $property ) {
			if ( isset( $property[&#039;required&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; true === $property[&#039;required&#039;] &amp;&amp; ! array_key_exists( $name, $value ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					&#039;rest_property_required&#039;,
					/* translators: 1: Property of an object, 2: Parameter. */
					sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is a required property of %2$s.&#039; ), $name, $param )
				);
			}
		}
	}

	foreach ( $value as $property =&gt; $v ) {
		if ( isset( $args[&#039;properties&#039;][ $property ] ) ) {
			$is_valid = rest_validate_value_from_schema( $v, $args[&#039;properties&#039;][ $property ], $param . &#039;[&#039; . $property . &#039;]&#039; );
			if ( is_wp_error( $is_valid ) ) {
				return $is_valid;
			}
			continue;
		}

		$pattern_property_schema = rest_find_matching_pattern_property_schema( $property, $args );
		if ( null !== $pattern_property_schema ) {
			$is_valid = rest_validate_value_from_schema( $v, $pattern_property_schema, $param . &#039;[&#039; . $property . &#039;]&#039; );
			if ( is_wp_error( $is_valid ) ) {
				return $is_valid;
			}
			continue;
		}

		if ( isset( $args[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;] ) ) {
			if ( false === $args[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;] ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					&#039;rest_additional_properties_forbidden&#039;,
					/* translators: %s: Property of an object. */
					sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not a valid property of Object.&#039; ), $property )
				);
			}

			if ( is_array( $args[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;] ) ) {
				$is_valid = rest_validate_value_from_schema( $v, $args[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;], $param . &#039;[&#039; . $property . &#039;]&#039; );
				if ( is_wp_error( $is_valid ) ) {
					return $is_valid;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;minProperties&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; count( $value ) &lt; $args[&#039;minProperties&#039;] ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_too_few_properties&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Number. */
				_n(
					&#039;%1$s must contain at least %2$s property.&#039;,
					&#039;%1$s must contain at least %2$s properties.&#039;,
					$args[&#039;minProperties&#039;]
				),
				$param,
				number_format_i18n( $args[&#039;minProperties&#039;] )
			)
		);
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;maxProperties&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; count( $value ) &gt; $args[&#039;maxProperties&#039;] ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_too_many_properties&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Number. */
				_n(
					&#039;%1$s must contain at most %2$s property.&#039;,
					&#039;%1$s must contain at most %2$s properties.&#039;,
					$args[&#039;maxProperties&#039;]
				),
				$param,
				number_format_i18n( $args[&#039;maxProperties&#039;] )
			)
		);
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Validates an array value based on a schema.
 *
 * @since 5.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $value The value to validate.
 * @param array  $args  Schema array to use for validation.
 * @param string $param The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return true|WP_Error
 */
function rest_validate_array_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param ) {
	if ( ! rest_is_array( $value ) ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_invalid_type&#039;,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Type name. */
			sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not of type %2$s.&#039; ), $param, &#039;array&#039; ),
			array( &#039;param&#039; =&gt; $param )
		);
	}

	$value = rest_sanitize_array( $value );

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;items&#039;] ) ) {
		foreach ( $value as $index =&gt; $v ) {
			$is_valid = rest_validate_value_from_schema( $v, $args[&#039;items&#039;], $param . &#039;[&#039; . $index . &#039;]&#039; );
			if ( is_wp_error( $is_valid ) ) {
				return $is_valid;
			}
		}
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;minItems&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; count( $value ) &lt; $args[&#039;minItems&#039;] ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_too_few_items&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Number. */
				_n(
					&#039;%1$s must contain at least %2$s item.&#039;,
					&#039;%1$s must contain at least %2$s items.&#039;,
					$args[&#039;minItems&#039;]
				),
				$param,
				number_format_i18n( $args[&#039;minItems&#039;] )
			)
		);
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;maxItems&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; count( $value ) &gt; $args[&#039;maxItems&#039;] ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_too_many_items&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Number. */
				_n(
					&#039;%1$s must contain at most %2$s item.&#039;,
					&#039;%1$s must contain at most %2$s items.&#039;,
					$args[&#039;maxItems&#039;]
				),
				$param,
				number_format_i18n( $args[&#039;maxItems&#039;] )
			)
		);
	}

	if ( ! empty( $args[&#039;uniqueItems&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; ! rest_validate_array_contains_unique_items( $value ) ) {
		/* translators: %s: Parameter. */
		return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_duplicate_items&#039;, sprintf( __( &#039;%s has duplicate items.&#039; ), $param ) );
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Validates a number value based on a schema.
 *
 * @since 5.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $value The value to validate.
 * @param array  $args  Schema array to use for validation.
 * @param string $param The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return true|WP_Error
 */
function rest_validate_number_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param ) {
	if ( ! is_numeric( $value ) ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_invalid_type&#039;,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Type name. */
			sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not of type %2$s.&#039; ), $param, $args[&#039;type&#039;] ),
			array( &#039;param&#039; =&gt; $param )
		);
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;multipleOf&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; fmod( $value, $args[&#039;multipleOf&#039;] ) !== 0.0 ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_invalid_multiple&#039;,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Multiplier. */
			sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s must be a multiple of %2$s.&#039; ), $param, $args[&#039;multipleOf&#039;] )
		);
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;minimum&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; ! isset( $args[&#039;maximum&#039;] ) ) {
		if ( ! empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMinimum&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; $value &lt;= $args[&#039;minimum&#039;] ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				&#039;rest_out_of_bounds&#039;,
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Minimum number. */
				sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s must be greater than %2$d&#039; ), $param, $args[&#039;minimum&#039;] )
			);
		}

		if ( empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMinimum&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; $value &lt; $args[&#039;minimum&#039;] ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				&#039;rest_out_of_bounds&#039;,
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Minimum number. */
				sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s must be greater than or equal to %2$d&#039; ), $param, $args[&#039;minimum&#039;] )
			);
		}
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;maximum&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; ! isset( $args[&#039;minimum&#039;] ) ) {
		if ( ! empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMaximum&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; $value &gt;= $args[&#039;maximum&#039;] ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				&#039;rest_out_of_bounds&#039;,
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Maximum number. */
				sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s must be less than %2$d&#039; ), $param, $args[&#039;maximum&#039;] )
			);
		}

		if ( empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMaximum&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; $value &gt; $args[&#039;maximum&#039;] ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				&#039;rest_out_of_bounds&#039;,
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Maximum number. */
				sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s must be less than or equal to %2$d&#039; ), $param, $args[&#039;maximum&#039;] )
			);
		}
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;minimum&#039;], $args[&#039;maximum&#039;] ) ) {
		if ( ! empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMinimum&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; ! empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMaximum&#039;] ) ) {
			if ( $value &gt;= $args[&#039;maximum&#039;] || $value &lt;= $args[&#039;minimum&#039;] ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					&#039;rest_out_of_bounds&#039;,
					sprintf(
						/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Minimum number, 3: Maximum number. */
						__( &#039;%1$s must be between %2$d (exclusive) and %3$d (exclusive)&#039; ),
						$param,
						$args[&#039;minimum&#039;],
						$args[&#039;maximum&#039;]
					)
				);
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMinimum&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMaximum&#039;] ) ) {
			if ( $value &gt; $args[&#039;maximum&#039;] || $value &lt;= $args[&#039;minimum&#039;] ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					&#039;rest_out_of_bounds&#039;,
					sprintf(
						/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Minimum number, 3: Maximum number. */
						__( &#039;%1$s must be between %2$d (exclusive) and %3$d (inclusive)&#039; ),
						$param,
						$args[&#039;minimum&#039;],
						$args[&#039;maximum&#039;]
					)
				);
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMaximum&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMinimum&#039;] ) ) {
			if ( $value &gt;= $args[&#039;maximum&#039;] || $value &lt; $args[&#039;minimum&#039;] ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					&#039;rest_out_of_bounds&#039;,
					sprintf(
						/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Minimum number, 3: Maximum number. */
						__( &#039;%1$s must be between %2$d (inclusive) and %3$d (exclusive)&#039; ),
						$param,
						$args[&#039;minimum&#039;],
						$args[&#039;maximum&#039;]
					)
				);
			}
		}

		if ( empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMinimum&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; empty( $args[&#039;exclusiveMaximum&#039;] ) ) {
			if ( $value &gt; $args[&#039;maximum&#039;] || $value &lt; $args[&#039;minimum&#039;] ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					&#039;rest_out_of_bounds&#039;,
					sprintf(
						/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Minimum number, 3: Maximum number. */
						__( &#039;%1$s must be between %2$d (inclusive) and %3$d (inclusive)&#039; ),
						$param,
						$args[&#039;minimum&#039;],
						$args[&#039;maximum&#039;]
					)
				);
			}
		}
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Validates a string value based on a schema.
 *
 * @since 5.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $value The value to validate.
 * @param array  $args  Schema array to use for validation.
 * @param string $param The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return true|WP_Error
 */
function rest_validate_string_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param ) {
	if ( ! is_string( $value ) ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_invalid_type&#039;,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Type name. */
			sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not of type %2$s.&#039; ), $param, &#039;string&#039; ),
			array( &#039;param&#039; =&gt; $param )
		);
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;minLength&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; mb_strlen( $value ) &lt; $args[&#039;minLength&#039;] ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_too_short&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Number of characters. */
				_n(
					&#039;%1$s must be at least %2$s character long.&#039;,
					&#039;%1$s must be at least %2$s characters long.&#039;,
					$args[&#039;minLength&#039;]
				),
				$param,
				number_format_i18n( $args[&#039;minLength&#039;] )
			)
		);
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;maxLength&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; mb_strlen( $value ) &gt; $args[&#039;maxLength&#039;] ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_too_long&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Number of characters. */
				_n(
					&#039;%1$s must be at most %2$s character long.&#039;,
					&#039;%1$s must be at most %2$s characters long.&#039;,
					$args[&#039;maxLength&#039;]
				),
				$param,
				number_format_i18n( $args[&#039;maxLength&#039;] )
			)
		);
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;pattern&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; ! rest_validate_json_schema_pattern( $args[&#039;pattern&#039;], $value ) ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_invalid_pattern&#039;,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Pattern. */
			sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s does not match pattern %2$s.&#039; ), $param, $args[&#039;pattern&#039;] )
		);
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Validates an integer value based on a schema.
 *
 * @since 5.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $value The value to validate.
 * @param array  $args  Schema array to use for validation.
 * @param string $param The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return true|WP_Error
 */
function rest_validate_integer_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param ) {
	$is_valid_number = rest_validate_number_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param );
	if ( is_wp_error( $is_valid_number ) ) {
		return $is_valid_number;
	}

	if ( ! rest_is_integer( $value ) ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			&#039;rest_invalid_type&#039;,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: Type name. */
			sprintf( __( &#039;%1$s is not of type %2$s.&#039; ), $param, &#039;integer&#039; ),
			array( &#039;param&#039; =&gt; $param )
		);
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Sanitize a value based on a schema.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 * @since 5.5.0 Added the `$param` parameter.
 * @since 5.6.0 Support the &quot;anyOf&quot; and &quot;oneOf&quot; keywords.
 * @since 5.9.0 Added `text-field` and `textarea-field` formats.
 *
 * @param mixed  $value The value to sanitize.
 * @param array  $args  Schema array to use for sanitization.
 * @param string $param The parameter name, used in error messages.
 * @return mixed|WP_Error The sanitized value or a WP_Error instance if the value cannot be safely sanitized.
 */
function rest_sanitize_value_from_schema( $value, $args, $param = &#039;&#039; ) {
	if ( isset( $args[&#039;anyOf&#039;] ) ) {
		$matching_schema = rest_find_any_matching_schema( $value, $args, $param );
		if ( is_wp_error( $matching_schema ) ) {
			return $matching_schema;
		}

		if ( ! isset( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
			$args[&#039;type&#039;] = $matching_schema[&#039;type&#039;];
		}

		$value = rest_sanitize_value_from_schema( $value, $matching_schema, $param );
	}

	if ( isset( $args[&#039;oneOf&#039;] ) ) {
		$matching_schema = rest_find_one_matching_schema( $value, $args, $param );
		if ( is_wp_error( $matching_schema ) ) {
			return $matching_schema;
		}

		if ( ! isset( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
			$args[&#039;type&#039;] = $matching_schema[&#039;type&#039;];
		}

		$value = rest_sanitize_value_from_schema( $value, $matching_schema, $param );
	}

	$allowed_types = array( &#039;array&#039;, &#039;object&#039;, &#039;string&#039;, &#039;number&#039;, &#039;integer&#039;, &#039;boolean&#039;, &#039;null&#039; );

	if ( ! isset( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
		/* translators: %s: Parameter. */
		_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( &#039;The &quot;type&quot; schema keyword for %s is required.&#039; ), $param ), &#039;5.5.0&#039; );
	}

	if ( is_array( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
		$best_type = rest_handle_multi_type_schema( $value, $args, $param );

		if ( ! $best_type ) {
			return null;
		}

		$args[&#039;type&#039;] = $best_type;
	}

	if ( ! in_array( $args[&#039;type&#039;], $allowed_types, true ) ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			/* translators: 1: Parameter, 2: The list of allowed types. */
			wp_sprintf( __( &#039;The &quot;type&quot; schema keyword for %1$s can only be one of the built-in types: %2$l.&#039; ), $param, $allowed_types ),
			&#039;5.5.0&#039;
		);
	}

	if ( &#039;array&#039; === $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) {
		$value = rest_sanitize_array( $value );

		if ( ! empty( $args[&#039;items&#039;] ) ) {
			foreach ( $value as $index =&gt; $v ) {
				$value[ $index ] = rest_sanitize_value_from_schema( $v, $args[&#039;items&#039;], $param . &#039;[&#039; . $index . &#039;]&#039; );
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $args[&#039;uniqueItems&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; ! rest_validate_array_contains_unique_items( $value ) ) {
			/* translators: %s: Parameter. */
			return new WP_Error( &#039;rest_duplicate_items&#039;, sprintf( __( &#039;%s has duplicate items.&#039; ), $param ) );
		}

		return $value;
	}

	if ( &#039;object&#039; === $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) {
		$value = rest_sanitize_object( $value );

		foreach ( $value as $property =&gt; $v ) {
			if ( isset( $args[&#039;properties&#039;][ $property ] ) ) {
				$value[ $property ] = rest_sanitize_value_from_schema( $v, $args[&#039;properties&#039;][ $property ], $param . &#039;[&#039; . $property . &#039;]&#039; );
				continue;
			}

			$pattern_property_schema = rest_find_matching_pattern_property_schema( $property, $args );
			if ( null !== $pattern_property_schema ) {
				$value[ $property ] = rest_sanitize_value_from_schema( $v, $pattern_property_schema, $param . &#039;[&#039; . $property . &#039;]&#039; );
				continue;
			}

			if ( isset( $args[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;] ) ) {
				if ( false === $args[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;] ) {
					unset( $value[ $property ] );
				} elseif ( is_array( $args[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;] ) ) {
					$value[ $property ] = rest_sanitize_value_from_schema( $v, $args[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;], $param . &#039;[&#039; . $property . &#039;]&#039; );
				}
			}
		}

		return $value;
	}

	if ( &#039;null&#039; === $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) {
		return null;
	}

	if ( &#039;integer&#039; === $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) {
		return (int) $value;
	}

	if ( &#039;number&#039; === $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) {
		return (float) $value;
	}

	if ( &#039;boolean&#039; === $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) {
		return rest_sanitize_boolean( $value );
	}

	// This behavior matches rest_validate_value_from_schema().
	if ( isset( $args[&#039;format&#039;] )
		&amp;&amp; ( ! isset( $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) || &#039;string&#039; === $args[&#039;type&#039;] || ! in_array( $args[&#039;type&#039;], $allowed_types, true ) )
	) {
		switch ( $args[&#039;format&#039;] ) {
			case &#039;hex-color&#039;:
				return (string) sanitize_hex_color( $value );

			case &#039;date-time&#039;:
				return sanitize_text_field( $value );

			case &#039;email&#039;:
				// sanitize_email() validates, which would be unexpected.
				return sanitize_text_field( $value );

			case &#039;uri&#039;:
				return sanitize_url( $value );

			case &#039;ip&#039;:
				return sanitize_text_field( $value );

			case &#039;uuid&#039;:
				return sanitize_text_field( $value );

			case &#039;text-field&#039;:
				return sanitize_text_field( $value );

			case &#039;textarea-field&#039;:
				return sanitize_textarea_field( $value );
		}
	}

	if ( &#039;string&#039; === $args[&#039;type&#039;] ) {
		return (string) $value;
	}

	return $value;
}

/**
 * Append result of internal request to REST API for purpose of preloading data to be attached to a page.
 * Expected to be called in the context of `array_reduce`.
 *
 * @since 5.0.0
 *
 * @param array  $memo Reduce accumulator.
 * @param string $path REST API path to preload.
 * @return array Modified reduce accumulator.
 */
function rest_preload_api_request( $memo, $path ) {
	/*
	 * array_reduce() doesn&#039;t support passing an array in PHP 5.2,
	 * so we need to make sure we start with one.
	 */
	if ( ! is_array( $memo ) ) {
		$memo = array();
	}

	if ( empty( $path ) ) {
		return $memo;
	}

	$method = &#039;GET&#039;;
	if ( is_array( $path ) &amp;&amp; 2 === count( $path ) ) {
		$method = end( $path );
		$path   = reset( $path );

		if ( ! in_array( $method, array( &#039;GET&#039;, &#039;OPTIONS&#039; ), true ) ) {
			$method = &#039;GET&#039;;
		}
	}

	// Remove trailing slashes at the end of the REST API path (query part).
	$path = untrailingslashit( $path );
	if ( empty( $path ) ) {
		$path = &#039;/&#039;;
	}

	$path_parts = parse_url( $path );
	if ( false === $path_parts ) {
		return $memo;
	}

	if ( isset( $path_parts[&#039;path&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; &#039;/&#039; !== $path_parts[&#039;path&#039;] ) {
		// Remove trailing slashes from the &quot;path&quot; part of the REST API path.
		$path_parts[&#039;path&#039;] = untrailingslashit( $path_parts[&#039;path&#039;] );
		$path               = str_contains( $path, &#039;?&#039; ) ?
			$path_parts[&#039;path&#039;] . &#039;?&#039; . ( $path_parts[&#039;query&#039;] ?? &#039;&#039; ) :
			$path_parts[&#039;path&#039;];
	}

	$request = new WP_REST_Request( $method, $path_parts[&#039;path&#039;] );
	if ( ! empty( $path_parts[&#039;query&#039;] ) ) {
		parse_str( $path_parts[&#039;query&#039;], $query_params );
		$request-&gt;set_query_params( $query_params );
	}

	$response = rest_do_request( $request );
	if ( 200 === $response-&gt;status ) {
		$server = rest_get_server();
		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php */
		$response = apply_filters( &#039;rest_post_dispatch&#039;, rest_ensure_response( $response ), $server, $request );
		$embed    = $request-&gt;has_param( &#039;_embed&#039; ) ? rest_parse_embed_param( $request[&#039;_embed&#039;] ) : false;
		$data     = (array) $server-&gt;response_to_data( $response, $embed );

		if ( &#039;OPTIONS&#039; === $method ) {
			$memo[ $method ][ $path ] = array(
				&#039;body&#039;    =&gt; $data,
				&#039;headers&#039; =&gt; $response-&gt;headers,
			);
		} else {
			$memo[ $path ] = array(
				&#039;body&#039;    =&gt; $data,
				&#039;headers&#039; =&gt; $response-&gt;headers,
			);
		}
	}

	return $memo;
}

/**
 * Parses the &quot;_embed&quot; parameter into the list of resources to embed.
 *
 * @since 5.4.0
 *
 * @param string|array $embed Raw &quot;_embed&quot; parameter value.
 * @return true|string[] Either true to embed all embeds, or a list of relations to embed.
 */
function rest_parse_embed_param( $embed ) {
	if ( ! $embed || &#039;true&#039; === $embed || &#039;1&#039; === $embed ) {
		return true;
	}

	$rels = wp_parse_list( $embed );

	if ( ! $rels ) {
		return true;
	}

	return $rels;
}

/**
 * Filters the response to remove any fields not available in the given context.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 * @since 5.6.0 Support the &quot;patternProperties&quot; keyword for objects.
 *              Support the &quot;anyOf&quot; and &quot;oneOf&quot; keywords.
 *
 * @param array|object $response_data The response data to modify.
 * @param array        $schema        The schema for the endpoint used to filter the response.
 * @param string       $context       The requested context.
 * @return array|object The filtered response data.
 */
function rest_filter_response_by_context( $response_data, $schema, $context ) {
	if ( isset( $schema[&#039;anyOf&#039;] ) ) {
		$matching_schema = rest_find_any_matching_schema( $response_data, $schema, &#039;&#039; );
		if ( ! is_wp_error( $matching_schema ) ) {
			if ( ! isset( $schema[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
				$schema[&#039;type&#039;] = $matching_schema[&#039;type&#039;];
			}

			$response_data = rest_filter_response_by_context( $response_data, $matching_schema, $context );
		}
	}

	if ( isset( $schema[&#039;oneOf&#039;] ) ) {
		$matching_schema = rest_find_one_matching_schema( $response_data, $schema, &#039;&#039;, true );
		if ( ! is_wp_error( $matching_schema ) ) {
			if ( ! isset( $schema[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
				$schema[&#039;type&#039;] = $matching_schema[&#039;type&#039;];
			}

			$response_data = rest_filter_response_by_context( $response_data, $matching_schema, $context );
		}
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $response_data ) &amp;&amp; ! is_object( $response_data ) ) {
		return $response_data;
	}

	if ( isset( $schema[&#039;type&#039;] ) ) {
		$type = $schema[&#039;type&#039;];
	} elseif ( isset( $schema[&#039;properties&#039;] ) ) {
		$type = &#039;object&#039;; // Back compat if a developer accidentally omitted the type.
	} else {
		return $response_data;
	}

	$is_array_type  = &#039;array&#039; === $type || ( is_array( $type ) &amp;&amp; in_array( &#039;array&#039;, $type, true ) );
	$is_object_type = &#039;object&#039; === $type || ( is_array( $type ) &amp;&amp; in_array( &#039;object&#039;, $type, true ) );

	if ( $is_array_type &amp;&amp; $is_object_type ) {
		if ( rest_is_array( $response_data ) ) {
			$is_object_type = false;
		} else {
			$is_array_type = false;
		}
	}

	$has_additional_properties = $is_object_type &amp;&amp; isset( $schema[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; is_array( $schema[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;] );

	foreach ( $response_data as $key =&gt; $value ) {
		$check = array();

		if ( $is_array_type ) {
			$check = isset( $schema[&#039;items&#039;] ) ? $schema[&#039;items&#039;] : array();
		} elseif ( $is_object_type ) {
			if ( isset( $schema[&#039;properties&#039;][ $key ] ) ) {
				$check = $schema[&#039;properties&#039;][ $key ];
			} else {
				$pattern_property_schema = rest_find_matching_pattern_property_schema( $key, $schema );
				if ( null !== $pattern_property_schema ) {
					$check = $pattern_property_schema;
				} elseif ( $has_additional_properties ) {
					$check = $schema[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;];
				}
			}
		}

		if ( ! isset( $check[&#039;context&#039;] ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		if ( ! in_array( $context, $check[&#039;context&#039;], true ) ) {
			if ( $is_array_type ) {
				// All array items share schema, so there&#039;s no need to check each one.
				$response_data = array();
				break;
			}

			if ( is_object( $response_data ) ) {
				unset( $response_data-&gt;$key );
			} else {
				unset( $response_data[ $key ] );
			}
		} elseif ( is_array( $value ) || is_object( $value ) ) {
			$new_value = rest_filter_response_by_context( $value, $check, $context );

			if ( is_object( $response_data ) ) {
				$response_data-&gt;$key = $new_value;
			} else {
				$response_data[ $key ] = $new_value;
			}
		}
	}

	return $response_data;
}

/**
 * Sets the &quot;additionalProperties&quot; to false by default for all object definitions in the schema.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 * @since 5.6.0 Support the &quot;patternProperties&quot; keyword.
 *
 * @param array $schema The schema to modify.
 * @return array The modified schema.
 */
function rest_default_additional_properties_to_false( $schema ) {
	$type = (array) $schema[&#039;type&#039;];

	if ( in_array( &#039;object&#039;, $type, true ) ) {
		if ( isset( $schema[&#039;properties&#039;] ) ) {
			foreach ( $schema[&#039;properties&#039;] as $key =&gt; $child_schema ) {
				$schema[&#039;properties&#039;][ $key ] = rest_default_additional_properties_to_false( $child_schema );
			}
		}

		if ( isset( $schema[&#039;patternProperties&#039;] ) ) {
			foreach ( $schema[&#039;patternProperties&#039;] as $key =&gt; $child_schema ) {
				$schema[&#039;patternProperties&#039;][ $key ] = rest_default_additional_properties_to_false( $child_schema );
			}
		}

		if ( ! isset( $schema[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;] ) ) {
			$schema[&#039;additionalProperties&#039;] = false;
		}
	}

	if ( in_array( &#039;array&#039;, $type, true ) ) {
		if ( isset( $schema[&#039;items&#039;] ) ) {
			$schema[&#039;items&#039;] = rest_default_additional_properties_to_false( $schema[&#039;items&#039;] );
		}
	}

	return $schema;
}

/**
 * Gets the REST API route for a post.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_Post $post Post ID or post object.
 * @return string The route path with a leading slash for the given post,
 *                or an empty string if there is not a route.
 */
function rest_get_route_for_post( $post ) {
	$post = get_post( $post );

	if ( ! $post instanceof WP_Post ) {
		return &#039;&#039;;
	}

	$post_type_route = rest_get_route_for_post_type_items( $post-&gt;post_type );
	if ( ! $post_type_route ) {
		return &#039;&#039;;
	}

	$route = sprintf( &#039;%s/%d&#039;, $post_type_route, $post-&gt;ID );

	/**
	 * Filters the REST API route for a post.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string  $route The route path.
	 * @param WP_Post $post  The post object.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &#039;rest_route_for_post&#039;, $route, $post );
}

/**
 * Gets the REST API route for a post type.
 *
 * @since 5.9.0
 *
 * @param string $post_type The name of a registered post type.
 * @return string The route path with a leading slash for the given post type,
 *                or an empty string if there is not a route.
 */
function rest_get_route_for_post_type_items( $post_type ) {
	$post_type = get_post_type_object( $post_type );
	if ( ! $post_type ) {
		return &#039;&#039;;
	}

	if ( ! $post_type-&gt;show_in_rest ) {
		return &#039;&#039;;
	}

	$namespace = ! empty( $post_type-&gt;rest_namespace ) ? $post_type-&gt;rest_namespace : &#039;wp/v2&#039;;
	$rest_base = ! empty( $post_type-&gt;rest_base ) ? $post_type-&gt;rest_base : $post_type-&gt;name;
	$route     = sprintf( &#039;/%s/%s&#039;, $namespace, $rest_base );

	/**
	 * Filters the REST API route for a post type.
	 *
	 * @since 5.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string       $route      The route path.
	 * @param WP_Post_Type $post_type  The post type object.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &#039;rest_route_for_post_type_items&#039;, $route, $post_type );
}

/**
 * Gets the REST API route for a term.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_Term $term Term ID or term object.
 * @return string The route path with a leading slash for the given term,
 *                or an empty string if there is not a route.
 */
function rest_get_route_for_term( $term ) {
	$term = get_term( $term );

	if ( ! $term instanceof WP_Term ) {
		return &#039;&#039;;
	}

	$taxonomy_route = rest_get_route_for_taxonomy_items( $term-&gt;taxonomy );
	if ( ! $taxonomy_route ) {
		return &#039;&#039;;
	}

	$route = sprintf( &#039;%s/%d&#039;, $taxonomy_route, $term-&gt;term_id );

	/**
	 * Filters the REST API route for a term.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string  $route The route path.
	 * @param WP_Term $term  The term object.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &#039;rest_route_for_term&#039;, $route, $term );
}

/**
 * Gets the REST API route for a taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 5.9.0
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Name of taxonomy.
 * @return string The route path with a leading slash for the given taxonomy.
 */
function rest_get_route_for_taxonomy_items( $taxonomy ) {
	$taxonomy = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
	if ( ! $taxonomy ) {
		return &#039;&#039;;
	}

	if ( ! $taxonomy-&gt;show_in_rest ) {
		return &#039;&#039;;
	}

	$namespace = ! empty( $taxonomy-&gt;rest_namespace ) ? $taxonomy-&gt;rest_namespace : &#039;wp/v2&#039;;
	$rest_base = ! empty( $taxonomy-&gt;rest_base ) ? $taxonomy-&gt;rest_base : $taxonomy-&gt;name;
	$route     = sprintf( &#039;/%s/%s&#039;, $namespace, $rest_base );

	/**
	 * Filters the REST API route for a taxonomy.
	 *
	 * @since 5.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string      $route    The route path.
	 * @param WP_Taxonomy $taxonomy The taxonomy object.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &#039;rest_route_for_taxonomy_items&#039;, $route, $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Gets the REST route for the currently queried object.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @return string The REST route of the resource, or an empty string if no resource identified.
 */
function rest_get_queried_resource_route() {
	if ( is_singular() ) {
		$route = rest_get_route_for_post( get_queried_object() );
	} elseif ( is_category() || is_tag() || is_tax() ) {
		$route = rest_get_route_for_term( get_queried_object() );
	} elseif ( is_author() ) {
		$route = &#039;/wp/v2/users/&#039; . get_queried_object_id();
	} else {
		$route = &#039;&#039;;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the REST route for the currently queried object.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $link The route with a leading slash, or an empty string.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &#039;rest_queried_resource_route&#039;, $route );
}

/**
 * Retrieves an array of endpoint arguments from the item schema and endpoint method.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param array  $schema The full JSON schema for the endpoint.
 * @param string $method Optional. HTTP method of the endpoint. The arguments for `CREATABLE` endpoints are
 *                       checked for required values and may fall-back to a given default, this is not done
 *                       on `EDITABLE` endpoints. Default WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE.
 * @return array The endpoint arguments.
 */
function rest_get_endpoint_args_for_schema( $schema, $method = WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE ) {

	$schema_properties       = ! empty( $schema[&#039;properties&#039;] ) ? $schema[&#039;properties&#039;] : array();
	$endpoint_args           = array();
	$valid_schema_properties = rest_get_allowed_schema_keywords();
	$valid_schema_properties = array_diff( $valid_schema_properties, array( &#039;default&#039;, &#039;required&#039; ) );

	foreach ( $schema_properties as $field_id =&gt; $params ) {

		// Arguments specified as `readonly` are not allowed to be set.
		if ( ! empty( $params[&#039;readonly&#039;] ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		$endpoint_args[ $field_id ] = array(
			&#039;validate_callback&#039; =&gt; &#039;rest_validate_request_arg&#039;,
			&#039;sanitize_callback&#039; =&gt; &#039;rest_sanitize_request_arg&#039;,
		);

		if ( WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE === $method &amp;&amp; isset( $params[&#039;default&#039;] ) ) {
			$endpoint_args[ $field_id ][&#039;default&#039;] = $params[&#039;default&#039;];
		}

		if ( WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE === $method &amp;&amp; ! empty( $params[&#039;required&#039;] ) ) {
			$endpoint_args[ $field_id ][&#039;required&#039;] = true;
		}

		foreach ( $valid_schema_properties as $schema_prop ) {
			if ( isset( $params[ $schema_prop ] ) ) {
				$endpoint_args[ $field_id ][ $schema_prop ] = $params[ $schema_prop ];
			}
		}

		// Merge in any options provided by the schema property.
		if ( isset( $params[&#039;arg_options&#039;] ) ) {

			// Only use required / default from arg_options on CREATABLE endpoints.
			if ( WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE !== $method ) {
				$params[&#039;arg_options&#039;] = array_diff_key(
					$params[&#039;arg_options&#039;],
					array(
						&#039;required&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
						&#039;default&#039;  =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
					)
				);
			}

			$endpoint_args[ $field_id ] = array_merge( $endpoint_args[ $field_id ], $params[&#039;arg_options&#039;] );
		}
	}

	return $endpoint_args;
}


/**
 * Converts an error to a response object.
 *
 * This iterates over all error codes and messages to change it into a flat
 * array. This enables simpler client behavior, as it is represented as a
 * list in JSON rather than an object/map.
 *
 * @since 5.7.0
 *
 * @param WP_Error $error WP_Error instance.
 *
 * @return WP_REST_Response List of associative arrays with code and message keys.
 */
function rest_convert_error_to_response( $error ) {
	$status = array_reduce(
		$error-&gt;get_all_error_data(),
		static function ( $status, $error_data ) {
			return is_array( $error_data ) &amp;&amp; isset( $error_data[&#039;status&#039;] ) ? $error_data[&#039;status&#039;] : $status;
		},
		500
	);

	$errors = array();

	foreach ( (array) $error-&gt;errors as $code =&gt; $messages ) {
		$all_data  = $error-&gt;get_all_error_data( $code );
		$last_data = array_pop( $all_data );

		foreach ( (array) $messages as $message ) {
			$formatted = array(
				&#039;code&#039;    =&gt; $code,
				&#039;message&#039; =&gt; $message,
				&#039;data&#039;    =&gt; $last_data,
			);

			if ( $all_data ) {
				$formatted[&#039;additional_data&#039;] = $all_data;
			}

			$errors[] = $formatted;
		}
	}

	$data = $errors[0];
	if ( count( $errors ) &gt; 1 ) {
		// Remove the primary error.
		array_shift( $errors );
		$data[&#039;additional_errors&#039;] = $errors;
	}

	return new WP_REST_Response( $data, $status );
}

/**
 * Checks whether a REST API endpoint request is currently being handled.
 *
 * This may be a standalone REST API request, or an internal request dispatched from within a regular page load.
 *
 * @since 6.5.0
 *
 * @global WP_REST_Server $wp_rest_server REST server instance.
 *
 * @return bool True if a REST endpoint request is currently being handled, false otherwise.
 */
function wp_is_rest_endpoint() {
	/* @var WP_REST_Server $wp_rest_server */
	global $wp_rest_server;

	// Check whether this is a standalone REST request.
	$is_rest_endpoint = wp_is_serving_rest_request();
	if ( ! $is_rest_endpoint ) {
		// Otherwise, check whether an internal REST request is currently being handled.
		$is_rest_endpoint = isset( $wp_rest_server )
			&amp;&amp; $wp_rest_server-&gt;is_dispatching();
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether a REST endpoint request is currently being handled.
	 *
	 * This may be a standalone REST API request, or an internal request dispatched from within a regular page load.
	 *
	 * @since 6.5.0
	 *
	 * @param bool $is_request_endpoint Whether a REST endpoint request is currently being handled.
	 */
	return (bool) apply_filters( &#039;wp_is_rest_endpoint&#039;, $is_rest_endpoint );
}
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